Site layout optimization

Site layout

• The construction of a building can be considered as

production with temporary factory. The building site
being the ‘factory’ in which the building contractor
will make the product on site

• Site layout can be defined as site space allocation for

material storage, working areas, units of
accommodation, plant positions, general circulation
areas, and also access and egress for deliveries and
emergency services in construction project.

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• The building site have to be carefully controlled so
that:
– The operatives of construction have the right
machinery in the most advantageous position.
– The materials stored with care so that they are
readily available and not interfering with general
site circulation.
– An adequate storage spacing for construction
materials on site.
– Site accommodation and complete facilities for
construction workforce.

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Key factors of site layout:
• Site layout involves a preliminary assessment of plant,
materials and manpower requirements plotted against
the proposed construction programme. Key factors
influencing the choice of site layout are set out below:
– Site access considerations
– Materials storage considerations
– Staff accommodation considerations
– Temporary services considerations
– Plant location considerations
– Fencing and hoarding considerations
– Safety and health considerations

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Example of project site layout

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Temporary facilities
• Temporary facilities are needed to support the
construction process.
• The arrangement of these facilities can improve the
productivity of construction process.
• Some example of project temporary facilities:
– Main office (direksi keet) & project fence
– Fabrication area (steel, wood, schafold,etc.)
– Lighting & pump for dewatering
– Vertical transportation (Tower crane, Material lift)
– Worker basecamp, etc.

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Main office
• Main office is functioned as project office for
meeting /coordinating purpose.
• Project office’s area is depend on the project scope.
• Besides functioned as project office, some main
office (especially for commercial building such as
Trade centre, apartement) is also functioned as
marketing office.

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Common main office
(Direksi keet)
Container main office
Project fence

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Worker Basecamp

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Fabrication area
• Fabrication areas are needed to fabricate structural
components, such as: steel, timber, schafold, etc.
• These areas are need to be placed near the
warehouse in order to short the traveling distance.
• Example of fabrication areas:
– Steel fabrication area
– Wood/ timber fabrication area
– Schafold fabrication/ setup area
– Other areas..

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Steel & reinforcement fabrication area

Reinforcement store and

fabrication area

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Timber store and formwork
fabrication area

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Electricity for (night) construction

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Pump & dewatering

Mobile pump

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Vertical transportation
• Veritical transportation is used to transport raw
material vertically. There are several type of vertical
transportation device used to be utilized in
construction site:
– Tower crane, mobile crane
– Material lift

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Tower crane

Single Tower Crane GroupTower Crane

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Mobile crane

Dragline MobileCrane

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Method to optimize site layout
• Why do we need to optimize site layout?
– Every project has different condition and available
space for construction process.
– Project site layout will influence the project
productivity
– Project site layout will influence the safety level of
construction process.

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Equal vs un-equal site layout
• If the number of project facilites equal to the
number of available space in the project location,
then we can say that the project has Equal site
layout.
• Conversely, If the number of project facilites are
unequal to the number of available space in the
project location, then we can say the project has
unequal site layout

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Original site layout Optimal site layout
Minimizing Traveling distance (Td)

MinimazingTraveling
Distance (TD):

j
dij Where:
i
dij= traveling distance between
dik facility i to facility j
k
fij= worker movement frequency
between facility i to facility j

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Minimizing Safety condition (Sc)

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 Safety Condition (SC):

j
dij Where:
i sij= safety condition between
dik facility i to facility j
ZONE 1 k fij= worker movement frequency
between facility i to facility j
ZONE 2
Multi-objective function
• Traveling distance (TD) function

• Safety condition (Sc) function

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Case study

100
Schafolding
fabrication

4 80
1

Worker
basecamp MAIN
BUILDING 2 Tower 60
crane

ZONE 1
ZONE 2
3 40

Reinforcement
fabrication

6 5 15

Main office Warehouse

0 10 50 70 80 100
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Optimization calculation
• Traveling distance (TD)

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Pareto front

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Practice

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