Seed

Formation & Development

 Seed Formation and Development
A seed is morphologically defined as a "fertilized ovule“.
Structurally, the seed is a resting embryo plant, which is
surrounded by a seedcoat and may have an endosperm.

Pollination > fertilization > seed formation and development

Fertilization
Pollination
 Fertilization
The generative cell divides forming 2 sperm which follow
the tube cell to the micropyle.
 One sperm fuses with the egg to form the zygote (2n),
 The other fuses with the polar nuclei to form the
endosperm (3n).
Embryo devlopment
Egg cell + sperm cell -> zygote -> embryo
basal cell and terminal cell = zygote

Suspensor Endosperm
continues to divide rise to most of
transversely and the embryo
produces a thread
of cells, known as
suspensor or First cell
Basal cell
division
“umbilical cord”
Ovule stucture
 After fertilization, the embryo, which starts as a single cell, grows rapidly,
and the ovule expands to accommodate the enlarging structures within.
 The embryo is a mass of undifferentiated cells in its early stages.
 As enlargement continues, three well-defined structures are formed: The
epicotyl, or young shoot; the hypocotyl, or young root; and the one or two
cotyledons, or seed leaves.
 Finally, enlargement of the embryo ceases, the parts become dry, and the
seed becomes a dormant living organism prepared to withstand adverse
conditions.