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    Light: Second Year Science

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    Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines at extremely high speeds. When light encounters an object that it cannot pass through, it forms shadows. Objects that produce their own light, like the sun or light bulbs, are luminous, while objects that only reflect light, like people or books, are non-luminous. Light reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them, which is the principle behind mirrors and periscopes. When light passes from one medium to another, like from air to glass, it bends or refracts due to changes in speed. Refraction is used in lenses, prisms, and optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes. White light is a mixture of colors

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    Light: Second Year Science

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    Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines at extremely high speeds. When light encounters an object that it cannot pass through, it forms shadows. Objects that produce their own light, like the sun or light bulbs, are luminous, while objects that only reflect light, like people or books, are non-luminous. Light reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them, which is the principle behind mirrors and periscopes. When light passes from one medium to another, like from air to glass, it bends or refracts due to changes in speed. Refraction is used in lenses, prisms, and optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes. White light is a mixture of colors

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    Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines at extremely high speeds. When light encounters an object that it cannot pass through, it forms shadows. Objects that produce their own light, like the sun or light bulbs, are luminous, while objects that only reflect light, like people or books, are non-luminous. Light reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them, which is the principle behind mirrors and periscopes. When light passes from one medium to another, like from air to glass, it bends or refracts due to changes in speed. Refraction is used in lenses, prisms, and optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes. White light is a mixture of colors

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views34 pages

    Light: Second Year Science

    Uploaded by

    api-406307933
    Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines at extremely high speeds. When light encounters an object that it cannot pass through, it forms shadows. Objects that produce their own light, like the sun or light bulbs, are luminous, while objects that only reflect light, like people or books, are non-luminous. Light reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them, which is the principle behind mirrors and periscopes. When light passes from one medium to another, like from air to glass, it bends or refracts due to changes in speed. Refraction is used in lenses, prisms, and optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes. White light is a mixture of colors

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    Second Year Science

    Light
    In this topic:
    • Light as a form of energy
    • Speed of light
    • Light travels in straight lines
    • Shadows
    • Luminous and non-luminous
    • Reflection
    • Refraction
    • Light dispersion
    Light is a form of energy
    Energy: the ability
    E to do work

    Work = moving an object


    So………..

    Energy = the ability to make things move


    The Sun
    • Our primary source of energy

    Plants
    Heat trapped
    Animals below surface
    Weather of the earth
    conditions
    Food

    Wind, tidal & Geothermal


    Fossil
    solar energy energy
    fuels
    Speed of light
    • Light travels REALLY fast

    • Speed of light = 3 x 108 ms-1

    • = 300, 000, 000 metres in one second!


    OP34: To show that light travels in
    straight lines
    • Pieces of wood with holes in them
    • 3 stands and clamps
    • 1 light box
    • String
    Shadows: why are they formed?
    • Light travels in straight
    lines
    • Light can’t pass
    through some
    materials
    • When light can’t get
    through, it’s blocked:
    forms a shadow!
    Lunar eclipse
    Solar eclipse
    Luminous
    Luminous object: E an object that makes
    and gives out its own light

    Examples
    • Sun
    • Filament in a light bulb
    • Candle flame
    Bioluminescence
    Bioluminescence
    Non-luminous
    Non-luminous object:
    E reflects light from
    another source

    Examples
    • People
    • Books
    • Roads
    1. Light shines on an object
    2. Light reflects off of the object
    and enters our eyes
    3. We see the REFLECTED LIGHT
    Light reflection
    • Light reflection is when light bounces off an
    object
    • We will focus on FLAT SURFACES

    Plane mirror = flat E surfaced mirror


    OP38a: Investigating light reflected by
    a plane mirror
    • Set up equipment

    • Draw dots along lines


    of light
    • Trace lines

    • Draw a line at 90 ° to
    the mirror
    • Measure:
    – Angle of
    incidence
    – Angle of
    reflection
    OP38b: Making a periscope
    • Retort stand
    • 2 clamps
    • 2 mirrors
    • Piece of paper
    with ‘Periscope’
    written on it
    Refraction
    Refraction: the bending
    E
    of light as it
    passes from one medium to another
    To show refraction through a glass
    block
    Refraction of light through a lens
    • We will look at two lens types:

    1. Concave Lens
    • Shaped with sides
    curving INWARDS
    • Like a cave!
    Refraction of light through a lens
    Light DIVERGES (moves apart) when it
    passes through a concave lens
    Refraction of light through a lens

    2. Convex lens

    • Shaped with sides


    curving OUTWARDS
    Refraction of light through a lens
    Light CONVERGES (comes together) when
    it passes through a convex lens
    Uses of light refraction
    TELESCOPES
    Uses of light refraction
    Microscope Glasses & contact lenses
    Magnifying glass
    • Convex lens
    • Creates a virtual image
    • Our brain sees a
    magnified image
    Light dispersion
    • Light from bulbs, sun etc. = white light
    White light = MIXTURE of coloured lights

    • Sometimes the mixture gets separated


    Example:
    • Rainbow
    • Reflections from a CD
    Dispersion of light and spectrum of
    white light
    • Place prism and ray box on a sheet of white
    paper
    • Aim the light ray through the prism
    • Observe the result
    • Identify the
    colours
    Light spectrum colours

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