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5.1 Analysing Soap and Detergent
5.1 Analysing Soap and Detergent
SOAP
Potassium or sodium salt of
carboxylic acid (carboxylate salt)
that contain in animal or vegetable
fat (natural resources)
O
Formula : R C O Na
R C O K
R – is an alkyl group ( long chain
carboxylic acid) with 12 to 18
carbon atoms per molecule
- it can be saturated or unsaturated
O :- functional group
C O (carboxylate)
SOAP PREPARATION
Saponification process
Hydrolysis of vegetable oils or fats by
concentrated alkaline solution
Saponification equation
C17H35COOCH2 CH2OH
CH2OH
C17H35COOCH2
2) Potassium stearate
CH3(CH2)16COO-K+
C O Na
HEAD
TAIL
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
PREPARATION OF SOAP
PREPARATION OF SOAP
PREPARATION OF SOAP
PREPARATION OF SOAP
Hydrophobic Group Hydrophilic
Group
DETERGENT
known as non-soap cleaning agent.
sulphonic acid salt
made from synthetic resources such as
petroleum fraction
Formula : O
R S O Na
O
R - long chain carboxylic acid with 12
to 18 carbon atoms per molecule
O
S O
O
functional group (sulfonate)
DETERGENT STRUCTURE
O
S O Na
TAIL HEAD
Hydrophobic Hydrophilic
DETERGENT EXAMPLES
Neutralization
NaOH
(Alkylbenzene )
Sulphonation H2SO4
( Alkylbenzene sulphonic acid )
Neutralization NaOH
Optical whitener
Suspension agents
Fragrances
HOW SOAPS AND DETERGENTS WORK
Formation of scum Forms scum with hard Does not form scum with
water hard water