SUBMITTED BY

SHAKSHI MISHRA
 Introduction
 What is Smart Antenna ?
 Types of Smart Antenna systems

 And their working process

 Architecture of Smart Antenna
 Why smart Antenna?
 Who can use Smart Antenna?
 Goals of a Smart Antenna
 Advantages
 Conclusion
 A smart antenna system combines multiple
antenna elements with a digital signal-
processing capability to optimize its
radiation and/or reception pattern
automatically in response to the signal
environment.
Smart antenna systems are customarily
categorized, as
 Switched beam a finite number of
fixed, predefined patterns or combining
strategies (sectors)
 Adaptive array  an infinite number of
patterns (scenario-based) that are
adjusted in real time
 A switched-beam antenna system consists of
several highly directive, fixed, pre-defined beams.
 Beams are formed to have high sensitivity in
particular fixed directions or sectors.
 Antenna systems detect signal strength, choose
from one of several predetermined, fixed beams,
and switch from one beam to another as the user
moves throughout the sector.
• Figure- Switched Beam System
Coverage Patterns (Sectors)
 Intra cell-hand offs
 Call loss
 Interference
 Incapacity for providing protection from
multi-path components arriving near the
desired signal. i.e. cannot discriminate
between multipaths at close AoA.
 Cannot take advantage of path diversity
by combining coherent multi-path
Desired
components. signal

Interferen Interferen
ce ce
top view(horizontal)

5 4
6 3
7 2
interference

8 1

9 16 user

10 15
11 14
12 13
 Adaptive antenna technology represents the most
advanced smart antenna approach by using a
variety of new signal-processing algorithms.

 Use sophisticated signal-processing algorithms to:

 Distinguish between desired signals, multi-path and
interfering signals.
 Update its beam pattern.
 By combining adaptive digital signal processing
with spatial processing techniques, adaptive array
systems can achieve greater performance
improvements than attainable using switched
beam systems.
 It provides optimal gain while simultaneously
identifying, tracking, and minimizing interfering
signals.
 ADAPTIVE ARRAY
SYSTEM

Fig 3: Fully adaptive spatial processing, supporting two

users on the same conventional channel
simultaneously in the same cell.
ADAPTIVE ARRAY
SYSTEM

Fig : Performance evaluation

 SIGNAL

SIGNAL

BEAMFORMER

BEAM SIGNAL SIGNAL

SELECT OUTPUT OUTPUT

INTERFERENCE

BEAMFORME
INTERFERENCE
R WEIGHTS

Switched beamforming Adaptive beamforming

Fixed beam patterns Beam-patterns change to maximize SINR

Easy to implement Relatively hard to implement

Cannot acquire nulling effect Can null out the interference

Cannot achieve fading reduction effect Can achieve fading reduction effect
Benefits of Switched
Beam and Adaptive
Array systems

•Integration.
•Range or coverage.
•Interference suppression.
Architecture of smart
antenna system
• Switched beam and adaptive array
systems enable a base station to
customize the beams they generate for
each remote user effectively by means
of internal feedback control.
• Listening to the cell.(uplink processing).
• Speaking to the users(downlink
processing).
 It enables operators of PCS, cellular, and
wireless local loop (WLL) networks to
realize significant increases in signal
quality, capacity, and coverage.

 It is basically used incase of military

communication because of its wide
coverage area & better signal quality
The goals of a smart
antenna system
• The purpose of a smart antenna system
is to augment the signal quality of the
radio-based system through more
focused transmission of radio signals
while enhancing capacity through
increased frequency reuse.
• The features of a smart antenna system
are
- signal gain.
- inference rejection.
-power efficiency.
 Integration.
 Range or coverage and capacity.
(traffic/area)
 Interference suppression.

Standard Coverage

Extended Coverage
 Frequency reusability
 Accurate user positioning.
 Reduction in transmission power

Fixed cell shape Dynamic cell shape

 Phased arrays are mainly being studied
for point-to-point wireless systems, e.g.,
for wireless local loops.
 Adaptive arrays are being considered on
cellular terminals where local scattering
causes wide angular spread.
 In the TDMA system ANSI-136 adaptive
antenna algorithms have been widely
deployed.
 With different structures, adaptive array antennas play important
roles in the evolution of wireless communications systems .
 Applications where cost and power consumption are the main limited
factors, parasitic array antennas are suitable.
 DBF array antennas and phased array antennas dominate in the
applications such as satellite communications, where high
performance is desired.
 In addition to combating fading, diversity antennas can also be
employed to realize high-speed MIMO wireless transmissions.
Beam forming antenna systems improve wireless network performance
-increase system capacity and save power
-improve signal quality
-suppress interference and noise
Thank You!!!