By Noelia Villafañe

To express past possibility:

I could have gone to

the party but I had to
work
 To express past probability:

I wonder where he is
He may have had an accident
To express past deduction:

He can’t have eaten all the

hamburguers! It’s impossible
Isn’t he here yet?

oNo, he isn’t. He must

have fallen asleep.
To express past advice:
I should
have studied
harder
instead of
daydreaming
To express lack of obligation:

He needn’t
have washed
up because I
could have used
the dishwasher