Anatomi Neonatus

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Alamiya Isghawa Hardaningrum
Skull
• Ossification has not reached the suture lines of the skull at birth
and the junctions between the Skull bones are known as
fontanelles.
• During parturition the Skull bones of the neurocranium are
displaced and may even overlap at the suture lines to allow
passage of the head through the birth canal.
Vetebral
• At birth the spinal column is very flexible and lacks the fixed
curvatures present in adulthood. The thoracic curvature develops
first, being concave anteriorly. The cervical develops at around 3
months when the child is able to support the weight of its head
and the lumbar when learning to walk at about 1 year.
Limbs

Upper Limbs Lower Limbs

• These are well developed and • These are under-developed
long compared to the neonatal and remain in a flexed and
lower limbs. The elbow is abducted position in the
unable to fully extend at birth neonate.
by about 15. The neonate has a
relatively strong grasp reflex
and is able to support its own
weight within the first days of
life.
Airways
• The tongue is relatively large and the nares small, in comparison
with an adult. The larynx is anterior and cephalad (C3-4 vs C6)
and the trachea and neck are short.
Respiratory System
Thorax
• The neonatal thorax has a rounder circumference when compared
to the adult more flattened appearance
Cardivascular System
Oral Cavity
• The large tongue is short and broad, lying entirely within the oral
cavity. It begins to descend into the neck during the first year of
life, the posterior third forming part of the anterior wall of the
pharynx by age 4 years.
Esophagus
• At birth the oesophagus is approximately 8 - 10 cm long and
extends from the cricoid cartilage to the gastric cardia (C4 to T9)
and possesses the same constrictions as that of the adult.
Abdomen
• In the adult the abdomen is generally rectangular with the long
axis vertical
Kidney