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Radio Frequency Team Etisalat Cairo Feb-2014: Mostafa Adawy
Radio Frequency Team Etisalat Cairo Feb-2014: Mostafa Adawy
3G
MIMO Definition
3G Break Stone
LTE channels
UE Measurements in LTE
LTE Motivation
LTE Motivation
• LTE Needed for higher data rates and greater spectral efficiency.
3G (HS
3GConnected)
Idle
Signaling connection RRC
Core
HSDPA Service RAB
Idle
There is a Problem when using Smart Phone
Every time for new connection you need to make new RRC and RAB
HSDPA
Signaling connection RRC
Core
FACH N
Service RAB
PCH
Idle
Throughput
LTE 3 Gbps
300 Mbps
150 Mbps
84 Mbps
42 Mbps
21 Mbps
Technology
HSPDA HSPDA LTE LTE LTE advance
HSPDA
DC MIMO 2*2 MIMO 4 * 4 MIMO
MIMO definition
User Data
A A
N N
T T
E E
Bad CQI N N
N N
Good CQI A A
A B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
SF 2
(1.92 MSps)
SF 4
(960 KSps)
SF 8
(480 KSps)
SF 16
(240 KSps)
HSDPA Works on SF 16
How to calculate the HS Throughput
SF 16
64 QAM
HS 15 Code 6 b/s
64 QAM
SF 2
SF 4
SF 8
SF 16
R99 (killer ) one user R99 will impact the HS (code absorbers)
LTE vs. HSPA+
Advantage of LTE over HSPA+
High Data Rates
Low latency
LTE UE is expensive
3G , LTE and 2G
Architecture & interfaces
WCDMA LTE
PS + CS PS Domain Only
SGSN MGW
S1 S1
IUR
eNB eNB
RNC RNC
Admission control
GGSN S2
S11 Internet
Gn MME
S3 SP-
GW
S4 CP
SGSN S1 CP
S4 UP
Gb IU S4 UP S1 UP
IUR
BSC RNC RNC
Abis IUB
X2 CP
eNB eNB
BTS NodeB NodeB X2 UP
2G 3G LTE
LTE Key Performance
LTE Key Performance
New Air Interface Access Tech. Scalable BW
F0 F1 F2 F3 Frequency
MIMO
Higher Order Modulation
64 QAM
16 QAM
T R
X X
QPSK
MME
Flat IP Arch.
LTE Access Technology
LTE access Technique
Freq. Freq.
Time Time
Freq.
Power
WCDMA
Time
In LTE
Lets Remember
LTE access Technique (Cont’d)
Lets Remember
S(t)
Time Domain
Ts
Time
S(f)
Frequency domain
Frequency
-4/Ts -3/Ts -2/Ts -1/Ts 1/Ts 2/Ts 3/Ts 4/Ts 5/Ts Frequency
• Case 2 :
o Pulse Shaping (Time stretch)
o Choose the correct Frequency
I can chose frequency so that the peak of one is at the Zeros of the others
LTE Access Technique (OFDM)
Freq.
Symbol F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8
Time
LTE Downlink DL
LTE Use OFDM in DL.
Subcarrier BM is 15 KHz.
Freq.
Time
LTE Radio access Uplink UL
LTE use OFDM in UL (Single Carrier OFDM)
Subcarrier BM is 15 KHz
Single
Carrier
Single Carrier
Single Carrier
Why SC Carrier in UL
Linear Region
SC 1
SC 2
SC 3
Spike Of Power
Peaks Of Power
Single Carrier
FFT
LTE Radio access Uplink UL
SC FDMA
Freq.
Time
LTE Physical Resource
LTE Radio Physical Resource
Resource Element (RE)
1 Recourse Element
1 subcarrier and 1 Symbol Time
LTE Radio Physical Resource
Resource Block (RB)
12 Sub Carrier
Freq.
Freq.
Time Slot
Symbol 7 Symbols
0.5 ms
Freq.
Time Slot
Symbol 7 Symbols
0.5 ms
Time
o During the DT if you need to check the throughput
You check how many RBs assigned for this user #RB increase . Throughput incre.
You don’t check how many subcarriers and you don’t check how many symbols
Time Slot
7 Symbols
0.5 ms
Time Slot
7 Symbols
0.5 ms
Time
• LTE Scheduler
• 1 User is scheduled every TTI ( 1ms )
• Every Schedule instance we have 2 consecutive RBs per user
• Called Scheduled block
LTE Allowed Bandwidths BW
You Don’t have to buy new band but you can make band reframing
#1 #2 TS # 20
7 Symbols
# bits = 100 RB * 7 symbols * 12 Subcarrier * 2 (1SB =2RB)*6 bit (64 QAM) * 4 (MIMO)
Throughput RATE = 7 symbols * 12 Subcarrier * 2 (1SB =2RB) *100 * 6 bit (64 QAM) * 4 (MIMO)
1 ms
1
Path 1
Pulse Stretch
ISI Impact is not So High
Cyclic Prefix (Inter Symbol interference cure)
Path 1 Slot A (7 Symbols) Slot B (7 Symbols) Slot C (7 Symbols)
ISI ISI
Cyclic Prefix Slot T=0
CP A
Slot A (7 Symbols)
Total Transmitted
ISI ISI
LTE Radio Channels
LTE Channels
LOGICAL CHANNELS
Transport Channel
Physical Channel
Air Interface
LTE Channels
Logical Channels
What Type of data I will sent
Transport Channels
How do I sent the information (the manner in which the data will be Transferred)
Physical channels
Define the way I sent the data
What is modulation
MTCH
Multicast channel MCH
PMCH
advertising MCCH
P-SCH
Generated by E-Node-B
used to identify the Cell S-SCH
RS
LTE UL Channels
Physical UL Shared
channel PUSCH DTCH
UL-SCH
Data in UL
DCCH
PUCCH
• We have 504 different Reference Signals (RS) used to define the Cells
PCI 11
PCI 12 PCI 14
PCI 13 PCI 14
PCI 14 PCI 12
PCI 16 PCI 15
PCI 15 PCI 18
PCI 17 PCI 14
Distance between Same PCI
We have 504 so it is easy to avoid this PCI 18 PCI 13
Same as SC in 3G PCI 14 PCI 15
PCI 13 PCI 17
PCI 15 PCI 12
PCI 17 PCI 14
PCI 13 PCI 17
PCI Planning Principles (Cont’d)
Collision Free Confusion Free
PCI 167
PCI -168 PCI 168
Neigh-1 Neigh-2
Cell 1 Cell 2
Near Cells should be with different PCI Cells in the Neighbor list should be
different PCI
#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9
1 Sub Frame
1 ms
Freq.
Time Slot 0.5 ms Time Slot 0.5 ms Time Slot 0.5 ms Time Slot 0.5 ms
System BW
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
RB
BW Used
R R R R R R R R R R A
A
A
B
Contains Sub Carriers
R R R R R R R R R R
BW Used
R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R A
A
A
B
Contains Sub Carriers
R R R R R
BW Used
R R R R R
R R R R R
R R R R R
So using MIMO you are increasing the throughput but wasting Resource elements
LTE UE Measurements
Sub Frame
Time.
LTE Measurements
• RSSI ( Reference Signal Strength Indicator)
o Is the energy in the complete BW
o Not the RS only but all the Power and it include the thermal noise also
o Neighbor Site interference
LTE Measurements
• RSRQ ( Reference Signal Received Quality )
o Similar to EcNo in 3G (we use it to measure the interference)
o Ranges -3 to -20 dB
o RSRQ = n * RSRP (one cell) / RSSI (Power in whole BW for all )
• n is the number of RBs in all the BW
RSRQ
-
-
-
-
-
-
RSRQ low
RSSI High
• RSRP and RSRQ are used for handovers and cell selection and Reselection
• Most operators are now use the RSRP for Mobility instead of RSRQ
o change very Fast
o Traffic Dependent due to the RSSI
o Its is sense of the cell not the User
LTE Measurements
• LTE SINR (Signal interference Noise Ratio)
o Is calculated by the UE (no 3GPP but depend on the vendor)
S ( Power of the RS and Data)
I ( Interference Signals form other cells)
N ( back ground noise and Rx Noise coefficient)
SINR
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