Functions

Function Introduction
Function by Value
Function by Reference
Function Overloading
 Function Introduction

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 Function Introduction
Why Functions?
• Segregation of tasks
• Provides the program a modular structure
• Can separate different functionalities of the
program
• Can produce different modules based on the
functionality
• Benefit
– Reusability of code
– Formation of code repository
– Easy to debug
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 Function Introduction
Old Concept
Calculate the area of shapes )(main

wxh

b × h½

πr2

L2

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 Function Introduction
Concept with Functions
)(main

wxh
Function (rectangle)
Function (circle)
Function (triangle) πr2
Function (square)

b × h½

L2

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 Function Introduction
Syntax
main()
{
rectangle(a,b);
circle(a,b);
triangle(a,b);
square(a,b);
}

rectangle(int w, int h)
{
Rect = w * h
}
.
.
.
square(int x, int y)
{
// Code to calculate the square goes here
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}
 Function by Value

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 Functions by Value
int main()
{
int a=5,b=4;
rectangle(a,b);
return 0;
}
int rectangle(int w, int h)
{
int rect;
rectangle ( a5 ,, b4 );
rect = w * h;
return rect;
rectangle
rectangle (( w
5 , 4h ););
}

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 Function by Reference

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 Function by Reference
Understanding Address Space
Int a=5;
Float y=9.7;
Int b=4;
Memory Address
0 . 0
1 . .
2 . .
3
a 5 34,566
4
y 9.7 34,568
.
b 4 34,569
.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
655,359 655,359
10 655,360 Bilal A. Khan - How to Program 655,360 12/07/21
 Function by Reference
Syntax
int main()
{
int a=5,b=4;
rectangle(a,b);
return 0;
}
int rectangle(int &w, int &h)
34,56 34,56
{
6 7
int rect;
rectangle
rectangle (( a5 ,, b4 ););
rect = w * h;
return rect;
rectangle
rectangle
( 34,566,
( w ,34,567
h ); );
}

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 Function Overloading

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 Function Overloading
int rectangle(int w, int h) int rectangle(int w, int h)
{
int rect;
rect = w * h;
return rect;
int main() }
{
int a=5,b=4;
float n=5.4,m=6.9
rectangle(a,b); float rectangle(float w, float h)
rectangle(n,m); {
return 0; float rect;
} rect = w * h;
return rect;
}
For int For float
rectangle ( a5 , b4 ); rectangle ( a5.4
, b, );
6.9 );
Result = 37.26
rectangle
rectangle (( w
5 , 4h );); rectangle ( w
5 .4,
, h 6.9
); );
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 Thank You

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