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Landscape Architectue Semester 4 Module 1
Landscape Architectue Semester 4 Module 1
Design refers to the qualitative and functional arrangement of parcels of land set aside in
the planning process for some specific social purpose like housing, education, recreation
etc.
1st stage –
Primitive man was characterized by fear of the unpredictable forces of nature with an
accompanying desire for security or shelter.
Badami caves,Karnataka.
SIGNIFICANCE OF TIME IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Renewed understanding and insight into the workings of nature has resulted
in social awareness and more sensitive adjustment to environmental
conditions.
This attitude depends on the science of ecology. This is the stage where
landscape architecture has a significant role.
Contours
Contours
Contours
Contour lines are used to represent a 3-dimensional landscape on a 2-
dimensional map.
A contour line is a line joining points of equal height above sea level.
Contours
Understanding the characteristics of
contours is necessary for planning the
development of a given site.
Contours are lines of equal elevation above the same reference plane.
The reference (datum) plane is generally referred to and it is located at the
mean sea level.
Mean Sea Level is a measurement of the average height of the sea between
high and low tide recorded for a period of 19 years.
Contour lines Contours
Contour interval
A contour interval is the vertical distance between contours.
The choice of a suitable interval results from the purpose for which a
topographic map is used.
Source: http://raider.mountunion.edu/~mcnaugma/Topographic%20Maps/contour.htm
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/paidraig/contours-
33309921
Concave slopes go from steeper to gentler terrain with
movement downslope. There are closer contour spacing at
the top and wider spacing at the bottom of the concave
slope.
Convex slopes roll from less steep to steeper terrain.
Perforated drainage pipe is laid in the channels before being covered with
clean stone over which a layer of binding material and finally the layer of sand.
Cut and fill
The English word garden is a combination of the two meaning the enclosure of
land for pleasure and delight .
The Garden of Eden in which God placed Adam and Eve described in
Genesis I and II as a park planted by god in which there where all kind of
trees delightful to see and good to eat. The tree in the center yielded
knowledge of good and evil. There were also a river that branched into four
streams on leaving the park. there
Eg :the Euphrates Valley around 300BC , where gardens were made for
pleasure .
The leisured segments of society (the heads of state and the ruling classes ),
supported by the productivity of settled civilizations ,lived in palace complexes
of sun-baked brick with gardens of this type.
The dimensions and shapes of planting beds were those of the fields.
Shade was provided by forest trees planted in regular groves and the garden
was protected with a wall to keep out animals and intruders.
LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT
The Hanging gardens of Babylon were unique and was considered as one of
the seven wonders of the ancient world. It is the only one of the seven
whose location has not been definitively established.
Because of the lack of evidence it has been suggested that the Hanging
Gardens are purely mythical, and represent a romantic ideal of an eastern
garden. However if it did exist, it might have been destroyed sometime after
the first century AD.
This great monument is said to have occupied 4 acres and to have risen in a
series of planted and irrigated roof terraces to a height of 300ft from which
views of the valley and the surrounding dessert were obtained.
LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Assumed locations of
the'HangingGardens’
Source:https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/may/05/babylon-hanging-garden-wonder-
nineveh
This hand-coloured engraving, probably made in the 19th century depicts the fabled Hanging
Gardens, with the Tower of Babel in the background.
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon)
EGYPT
Source :http://boston-decks-and-porches.com/2016/01/01/what-is-a-pergola-and-
why-would-your-deck-want-one/
EGYPT
About 500B.C the kings of Persia created lavish formal gardens for delight,
consecrated to joy ,love ,health and luxury.
A Persian palace garden of this era would have irrigation channels running
through it as though it were fields of some economic crop.
PERSIA
Source: http://sabafarmand.livejournal.com/973.html
Here guarded by high look out towers and walls, fruit trees and scented
flowers ,including roses and violets, were cultivated between rills of water
emanating from a central fountain as four basic channels, symbolic of the
cosmic cross namely the four branches of the river rising in Eden mentioned in
the book of Genesis.
PERSIA
Source: http://sabafarmand.livejournal.com/973.html
Source: http://iranian.com/History/Oct98/Garden/p9.html
Elements of the Persian garden
•Sunlight and its effects were an important factor of structural design in
Persian gardens.
•Textures and shapes were specifically chosen to harness the light.
•Iran’s dry heat makes shade important in gardens, which would be nearly
unusable without it.
•Trees and trellises largely feature as biotic shade; pavilions and walls are also
structurally prominent in blocking the sun.
•The heat also makes water important, both in the design and maintenance of
the garden. Water is employed for irrigation and air cooling and is imbued
with religious and symbolic significance.
•The Persian style often attempts to integrate indoors with outdoors with the
help of architectural elements such as vaulted arches . this inner courtyard of
vaulted arches connects the interior of the building with the outer garden
thereby providing an open relationship between garden and architecture.
Elements of the Persian garden
The Islamic garden concept was introduced into North Africa by the Moors
and eventually introduced into Spain during the 13th century where the
theme of the paradise garden was combined with the atrium of Roman
origin.
The Persian Garden Influences around the World
The Persian Garden Influences around the World
The Persian Garden Influences around the World