MUSCULO – SKELETAL;

MODULE INTRODUCTION

Wahyuning Ramelan
Study Program of Medicine, UNTAN
Faculty Medicine, UI
Universe and its content

• Thing, not living, million types, mostly consist

of just an element, or a molecule, can not
reproduce
• Living thing, creature, reproduce, consist of
mostly protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and many
other substances. Has genetic material in their
body, which regulate almost all kind of its
living activities and also anatomically
Criteria of the living

• Criteria of the living, differentiate the living

from thing
– Metabolism
– Adaptive and responsive to stimuli
– Growth and development
– Reproduction
– Mobility
– Form and structure
• Regulate by genetic material (DNA)
Mobility of the living

• Most animal, has the power to active mobility. In one-

cell organism, the active mobility is the result of a kind
of ‘contraction’ of cellular part
• In multicellular organism, active mobility is the result
of part of whole body, which is specifically design to
‘carry’ the whole, specific function  ‘locomotor
system’
• Human ‘locomotor system’ done by a pair of lower
appendage (a part of ‘musculoskeletal system’)
• Musculoskeletal system, has 2 important element,
muscle and skeleton
Learning activities in module

• Lecture for certain topics

• PB Discussion  Plenary discussion
• Laboratory activities/work (anatomy, histology
, physiology, pathologic anatomy, etc)
• Studying certain clinical skills
• Exam
Derivation & development
• Our muscle and skeleton derived from our
special part in embryologic state: segmented
mesoderm, somit  sclerotom, myotom and
head mesenchym, limb bud (upper and lower)
with its mesoderm/mesenchym
• Development up to about 2-7 month of whole
body (also arm and leg) muscle and skeleton
• Development could yield to abnormalities/
disorders (congenital anomalies)
Manifestation of musculoskeletal
• Can be felt by pregnant mother as ‘fetal
movement’
• Can be seen in newborn, with its limbs or
other body parts ‘movement’
• Physiological development  movement of
body parts  body rising, grabbing thing,
sitting, standing ability  learn to walk in 12 –
15 moths
Congenital anomalies of the limbs

• Congenital anomalies of the limbs can be genetic,

or non-genetic
• Genetic caused : Achondroplasia
• Arachnodactyly
Brachydactyly
Chondrodystrophia
Claw hand - foot
Holt-Oram syndrome
• Non-genetic caused : Pes equino valgus
Pes planus
Acquired anomalies of the limbs

• Various trauma or disease (degenerative,

malignancy) can yield also to limbs anomalies,
such as : amputations
arthritis
acral necrosis
myosarcoma
osteosarcoma
• Healthy life style can prevent such happenings