Intermolecular forces

BONDING
Types of intermolecular
forces
 Permanent dipole- permanent dipole
interactions
 Hydrogen bonds
 Van der Waal’s forces
A dipole

 - occurs where there is

a separation of charges
in a molecule. Occurs
because one atom is
more electronegative
than the other
Permanent dipole- permanent
dipole
 this occurs when the
positive end of a dipole
in a molecule is
attracted to the
negative end of a
dipole of a
neighbouring molecule
eg acetone
Hydrogen bonds

 – this is a special type

of permanent dipole-
permanent dipole
interaction where the
molecule has a
hydrogen covalently
bonded to an
electronegative atom
eg N, O,F.
Van der Waal’s forces

 They occur when the

electron density of an
atoms in a bond
momentarily concentrates
on one “part “of the atoms
causing the formation of a
dipole. This is an
instantaneous dipole. As
the number of lone pairs
around an atom in a
molecule increases , so
does the number of van der
Waal’s forces it can form.
Drawing compounds

- Classify as ionic or  Classify each of the

covalent following as ionic or
- Show electron transfer covalent
or electron sharing  -NaCl, CO2, K2O
such that outer shells  -CH4, BCl3, MgF2,
are filled  H2O, CaS, NH3, Li3P
- Calculate charges if
 SF6
ionic
- Dots and crosses are
valence electrons
Draw representations of the
covalent compounds only
 CO2
 CH4
 H2O
 NH3
 BCl3
 SF6
Valence Shell Electron Pair
Repulsion Theory
 Electron pairs in outer shells will arrange
themselves in such away that they are as far
away from each other as possible.
 Repulsion between lone pairs- lone pairs of
electrons is greater than that between lone
pairs and bonded pairs
 Repulsion between lone pairs- bonded pairs is
greater than between lone pairs-lone pairs
Consider VSEPR

 Use VSEPR to design models of the

compounds using the match sticks and the
play dough
Dative bonds

 Formed between two  Which of the

atoms in which one compounds given
atom donates BOTH previously will bond in
electrons to make the this way ( consider the
covalent bond central atom in each
case)