Department of Electronic and

Communications Engineering

OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR

MULTIPLEXING BASED ON OCDMA
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Prepared by:
Supervised by:
Ali AbdulSalam
Husam A. Mohammed
Samir Nabeel
OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR PRINCIPLES

The working principle of OFSs is based on the modulation of

the fiber-guided light produced in one of the optical properties
(phase, intensity, wavelength, polarization state) by the parameter
under investigation. The complexity of the electro optical system,
the type of components selected, and thus cost of the sensor is
related to the operating principle.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF OFS
FIBER OPTIC SENSOR TYPES
o Wavelength modulated fiber optic sensors

o Phase modulated fiber optic sensors

o Polarization modulated fiber optic sensors

o Intensity based fiber optic sensors

INTENSITY BASED FIBER OPTIC SENSORS
Intensity-based fiber optic sensors rely on signal
undergoing some loss There are a variety of mechanisms such as
Micro bending loss, attenuation ,absorption or scattering.
APPLICATIONS OF OPTIC
FIBER SENSORS
• military and law enforcement
• medical fields for diagnostics and surgical application
• computer application
• pH measurement, gas analysis, spectroscopic studies
• measure physical properties like temperature, stress,
vibration
MULTIPLEXING
Basically multiplexing is an important part of communication system in
which large number of users send data at the same time through a single
link. Multiplexing is widely used in communication systems due to its
potential to increase the channel utilization or transmission capacity and
decrease system costs.
MULTIPLEXING TYPES
• Wave length division multiplexing

• Time division multiplexing

• Subcarrier multiplexing

• Code division multiplexing

For a better signal transmission in fiber-optic communication, different kinds of
technologies are applied to the industry. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is
one of the commonly used technologies which multiplexes a number of optical
carrier signals onto a single optic fiber by using different wavelengths of laser light.
That is to say, WDM enables two or more than two wavelength signals to transmit
through different optical channels in the same optical fiber at the same time.
Advantages of WDM

• Ultra high capacity

• Data transparency transmission

– Doesn’t change the structure or any byte in the frame for the client signal

• Long haul transmission • Compatible with existing optical fibers

• High performance-to-cost-ratio (unit traffic cost)

– However, projects get long time to break-even

• High networking flexibility, economy and reliability

• Smooth expansion
ADVANTAGE OF OCDMA

• Basic Advantage is the way it handles a finite BW among a large number of users
(more users can transmit the same data over the same Bandwidth Optical CDMA
does not need time and frequency management because all the users transmit
using the whole BW at the same time!
• It can also operate asynchronously (as in wireless applications) without packet
collisions.
• Slot allocation requirements are not needed here in contradiction to TDMA and
WDMA Simple implementation, using existing fiber networks
• Reduce the cost in every aspect:
 Equipment , outside plant
 Operational Support systems
 SECURITY
THANK YOU