Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Resuscitation Goals in The Postoperative Period of Cardiovascular Surgery
Resuscitation Goals in The Postoperative Period of Cardiovascular Surgery
Resuscitation Goals in The Postoperative Period of Cardiovascular Surgery
postoperatorio de cirugía
cardiovascular
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Bypass cardiopulmonar
Evento intraoperatorio Secuelas Manifestaciones postoperatorias
Microembolias
Daño y disfunción miocárdica, falla
Paro cardiopléjico Cardioprotección inadecuada cardiaca, trastornos de la conducción,
arritmias
Hipotensión en BCP Hiperactividad simpática Arritmias, labilidad de la presión arterial
Activación renina-angiotensina
Hipoperfusión cerebral y visceral Daño en órgano blanco
Hipotermia Vasoconstricción esplácnica Isquemia mesentérica y renal
Deterioro de la coagulación en cascada Coagulopatía, hemorragia
Aumento del consumo de O2, aumento de
Temblores
la producción de CO2
Hiperactividad simpática Arritmias
Nombre del paciente y datos demográficos Nombre del paciente y datos demográficos
Preocupaciones de manejo
Monitoreo
• Pulsioximetría
• Cardiovisoscopio
• PA invasiva
• Rx de tórax
• LABs: gases, hb, K, Ca, glucosa
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
¿Quién se beneficia del Swan-
Ganz?
Metas
•PAM: 60-90mmHg
•PAS: 90-140mmHg
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Precarga
Lactato
< 2 mmol/L
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
¿PICCO, Vigileo, EV1000?
Monitor PiCCO/EV1000
Análisis del
Termodilución
contorno transpulmonar
del pulso en intermitente
tiempo real
Stewart GN. Researches on the Circulation Time and on the Influences which affect it. J Physiol. 1897 Nov 20;22(3):159-83
Ecuación de Stewart-Hamilton
modificada
¿Qué es mejor para predecir la
respuesta a volumen?
Mediciones Mediciones
estáticas dinámicas
Saturación venosa O2
•ScvO2 >70%
•SvO2> 60%
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Resucitación hídrica
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
¿Qué solución usar?
①Solución salina
②Hartmann
③Plasmalite
④Albumina
Soporte inotrópico & vasopresor
Agente Clase Efecto Indicación
Catecolamina Inotrópico Bajo gasto
Epinefrina
Vasopresor (a altas dosis) Hipotensión
Catecolamina Vasopresor Hipotensión, vasodilatación
Norepinefrina Leve inotrópico excesiva, vasoplejía, bajo
gasto
Catecolamina Inotrópico Bajo gasto, hipotensión
Dopamina
Vasopresor leve
Catecolamina Inotrópico, vasodilatador Bajo gasto, disminuir
Dobutamina
sistémico postcarga del VI
Inhibidor de fosfodiesterasa Inotrópico, vasodilatador Bajo gasto, disminuir
Milrinone sistémico, lusotrópico, postcarga del VD, disminuir
vasodilatador pulmonar postcarga del VI
Hormona Vasopresor Hipotensión, vasodilatación
Vasopresina
excesiva, vasoplejía.
Electrodos
epicárdicos
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Sedación, control del dolor y delirio
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Hipotermia
Dispositivos de aire
caliente
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Manejo ventilatorio
• VT 6ml/kg
• PaO2 >70mmHg (85-100 sí falla VD)
• PEEP 10cms H2O
• pH 7,35-7,45
• <16horas
• Maniobra de reclutamiento: incrementar
PEEP a 20mmHg por 2 minutos
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Manejo acido-base
Acidosis metabólica =
hipoperfusión
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Control glicémico
<180mg/dl
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
¿Cuándo retirar los electrodos
epicardicos?
¿Cuándo retirar los drenajes
torácicos?
Parte II
Consideraciones
procedimiento-especificas
Bypass coronario
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Bypass por fuera de bomba
①Sobrecarga de volumen
②Riesgo de revascularización incompleta
③Riesgo de sangrado por la anastomosis
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Válvulas
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
…pero cuando iniciar la
anticoagulación?
Válvula mitral
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Válvula aortica
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Válvula tricúspide
Aorta ascendente y arco aórtico
Complicaciones
1. Neurológicas: embolismo, hipotermia
2. Hemorrágicas
• Dolor
• Atelectasias x ventilación unipulmonar
• Vigilar perfusión de miembro inferior usado
para perfusión
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Complicaciones
Sangrado excesivo
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Choque
Síndrome vasopléjico
• Exagerada respuesta inflamatoria después de CPB
• IECAs/ARAs
• Largo CPB
• Disfunción VI
• Transfusión sanguínea
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient Part I: Routine Postoperative Care. Crit Care Med. 2015
Jul;43(7):1477-97.
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Taponamiento cardíaco
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Dispositivo Ventajas Desventajas Comentarios
• CABG 4%
• Cx aortica 10%
• Subclínico 18%
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Falla respiratoria
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
AKI
• 50% de los pacientes: reducción de la función
renal
• 5% terapia de reemplazo renal
• Citoquinas, hemolisis & hipoperfusión
• Significativo aumento de mortalidad: 27 veces
mayor si requiere TRR
• Factores predisponentes: diabetes,
tabaquismo, enf. renal preexistente, edad, ant.
de angiografía coronaria
• En POP evitar AINEs/IECAs
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Infección del sitio quirúrgico
• Factores de riesgo: diabetes, obesidad, re-
exploración, uso de a. mamaria interna,
transfusión sanguínea, ventilación mecánica y
estancia en UCI prolongadas
• No MRSA: Cefalosporina 1ª o 2ª generación
• MRSA/alergia a la PNC: Vancomicina,
descontaminación nasal con mupirocina, baños
de esponja con clorhexidina
• Continuar por 48 horas después del
procedimiento
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Tromboprofilaxis venosa
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
Rehabilitación
Precauciones:
• Limitar el peso levantando con los miembros
superiores
• Mantener los brazos cerca del cuerpo
• Limitar maniobras de tirar o empujar (mientras
sale de la cama o deambula con dispositivos de
asistencia)
Stephens RS, Whitman GJ. Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of
Complications, and Quality Improvement. Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep;43(9):1995-2014
“I am not accustomed to saying
anything with certainty after only
one or two observations.”
Vesalius