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26 - Time Temp & Environment Effects 2
26 - Time Temp & Environment Effects 2
26 - Time Temp & Environment Effects 2
Lecture 26
Time, Temperature and
Environmental Effects on
Ceramics 2
Ref: Richerson, Modern Ceramic Engineering, Ch17, Marcel Dekker,
1992
Topics to discuss....
Oxidation continues slowly and linearly until all the material is consumed!
Although not common, active oxidation condition can be dangerous. Usually occurs in
nonoxygen environments, such as in closed-cycle gas turbine or a nuclear reactor or in space
applications, where oxygen might be picked up as an impurity.
Depending on
1. ceramic materials,
2. temperature, and
3. initial surface conditions
oxidation can increase, decrease
or not affect the strength of
ceramic materials. Fig. 8.16.
Reduction and other reactions
Fluid slag made of ash and other impurities (S, and oxides
of iron, calcium and sodium) of coal can corrode high-
temperature surfaces and stick to low-temperature
surfaces.
Common examples:
1. at or adjacent to point of attachment
2. surface irregularities at a shrink fit and the region at the margin of a shrink fit
3. surface being machined
4. contact surface bearing and race
5. contact region of a cutting tool
6. contact surface of heated parts that have different thermal expansion
7. contact surface of seals.
Removal of Surface Materials
Microfracture
Scratching, interference of asperities, impact and contact stress
resulted microfracture and subsequent material removal from
surface of ceramics.
Wear is a major cause of equipment failure and down
time in military, in industry, and in commercial
products.
∆T can be decreased by
1. increasing thermal conductivity of materials (material aspect)
2. configuration modification and heat transfer condition modification (design aspect)