Name: ASSOC. PROF. DR. ABD HALID B.

ABDULLAH
Office: Dean’s Office, FKAAS Administration Office
Phone number: 07-456 4201 / 012 777 5635
E-mail: abdhalid@uthm.edu.my
1
Lecture Plan
 PROJECT
 A temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique
product or service.

Temporary
Projects Unique
(construction project)

 Temporary – Definitive beginning and end

 Unique – New undertaking, unfamiliar ground
 PROJECT characteristics:

Limited
Unique
resources

Limited
Constraints period of Time

Not
Defined goals repetitive
Basic MANAGEMENT Activities
• Define objectives
• Define resources needed
PLANNING in the project
• Develop strategy

• Distribute resources
• Supervise implementation
IMPLEMENTATION • Coordinate activities
• Motivate workers

• Compare between progress

and planning
CONTROLLING • Reporting
• Settle problems

Management Concept 5
CONSTRUCTION planning
process:

designing
project
different financing management
perspective for
construction.
constructing

operating
physical
facilities
http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu
 The Project
Life Cycle of a
Constructed
Facility

http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu
Project management definition -
the art of directing and
coordinating human & material
resources throughout the life of a
project by using modern
management techniques to achieve
predetermined objectives of scope,
cost, time, quality, and participant
satisfaction
Functions of PROJECT MANAGEMENT for construction
• Specifying project objectives and plans which include the
delineation of scope, budgeting, scheduling, setting performance
requirements, and selecting project participants

• Maximizing efficient resource utilization through

procurement of labor, material, and equipment according to the
prescribed schedule and plan

• Implementing various operations through proper coordination

and control of planning, design, estimating, contracting, and
construction in the entire process

• Developing effective communication and other mechanisms

for resolving conflicts among the various project participant
 Sustainable Approach

Current Trend

Globalisation & Global

economic crisis

Increasing Pressure

Sustainable
Construction as
priority

Paradigm shift from traditional to sustainable approach (Yang et al., 2005)

Basics of SUSTAINABILITY
• It affects everyone: The ecosystems of the planet are interconnected (eg there is one
global water and air system) so what affects some regions or people eventually affects all.
The negative impacts of the non-sustainable systems are global.

• It is a ‘future’ concern: Life is already un-sustainable for 1/3rd the world’s population
who live in extreme poverty without clean water, food or energy, often amidst warfare over
territory and resources (especially children, women and the poor). Sustainability requires
re-distribution.

• It is about ethics: Inequality eventually leads to disparities of power and wealth (ie
access to and control of resources) which ultimately results in physical conflict and
environmental destruction. Sustainability requires institutional and physical change to
correct existing inequities.

• It is a design problem. Sustainability is a function of systems design (eg

development and decision making systems). Currently, environmental management,
planning and design are part of the problem as they are focused on reducing the relative
harm of future development.

Birkeland, J. 2002
http://www.telegraph.co.uk
 The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Defined
 The TBL is an accounting framework that
incorporates three dimensions of
performance: SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL
and ECONOMIC (or financial).
 This differs from traditional reporting
frameworks as it includes ecological (or
environmental) and social measures that can
be difficult to assign appropriate means of
measurement.
 The TBL dimensions are also commonly
called the three Ps: PEOPLE, PLANET and http://www.hpw.qld.gov.au
PROFITS. We will refer to these as the 3Ps.

http://www.ibrc.indiana.edu/ibr/2011/spring/article2.html
What is needed
• Expanding future options - not constraining future life
experiences or restricting future social choices - so that
future generations can enjoy at least the same benefits as
people do today.
• Design for nature. As we have exceeded the Earth’s
carrying capacity, and we cannot increase the nature’s
carrying capacity, we can only achieve sustainability if we
re-design the built environment.
• Taking affirmative public action to reduce the negative
environmental impacts of past developments (paid for by
resource and energy savings or ‘performance
contracting’).

Birkeland, J. 2002
Design as a sustainability solution
• Most of the problems related to environmental degradation (eg poverty,
hunger, disease, injustice) can be traced back to inappropriate
(institutional and physical) systems of development. The design, of the
built environment determines the resources, space and energy that is
available for the future.
• Most diseases and injury in developing nations could be averted
through small, low-cost environmental interventions, and common
sense approaches to ecological environmental planning, management
and design. Design for sustainability can be cheaper than doing nothing.
• Infrastructure, buildings and cities could ‘decouple’ economic growth
from environmental impacts. Good design can provide a higher quality
of life with lower resource use. For social justice, environmental quality
and security, design in both the 3rd World and West must be re-
conceived.
• The many potential sustainability analysis have been taken to enhance
sustainable development. For example: life cycle analysis, design
charrette.
The Funnel System

The Funnel (Roberts, L., 2008)

INTRODUCTION
QUESTIONS !!
 How an organization can continuously flourish despite
tons of challenges endlessly keep crossing their path?
or
 How can we place a number of eggs inside a small
container without the probability of the eggs will fall
off?
ANSWER !!
 Those questions might represent a severe level of
understanding but surprisingly the answer might be
the same:

a good management efforts!

CLARIFICATIONS
 In order to enhance your understanding on the whole
concept of “SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT MANAGEMENT”, an overview of each terms
will be presented.

 The followings is the guidance flowchart:

THE GUIDANCE FLOWCHART
OVERVIEW OF TERMS:
•
•
•
MANAGEMENT
PROJECT
CONSTRUCTION
1.1
• SITE

and THEIR INTEGRATION:

• PROJECT MANAGEMENT
• CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
• SITE MANAGEMENT
1.2
Section 1.1
Subsection 1.1.1

OVERVIEWS
Brief History
 Management practices can be traced back to the
ancient civilization as early as 5000 BC.
 To record any transactions in business, Sumerian
priests of city of Ur Iraq kept written records.
 They used papers made of papyrus.
Definition of MANAGEMENT
 Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines
“management” as controlling/organizing someone(s)
or something(s)
 MANAGEMENT APPROACH
No. Management Approach Description
1 The importance of management relates to organisations where they exists to achieve
Organizational
results
The importance of selecting a proficient means in order to coordinate and control
2 Scientific
work.
The importance of expertise, discipline, and system of rules in management by using
3 Bureaucracy
administration.
The importance of primary deliberation through human psychology and social
4 Human Relation
elements.
5 System The importance of interrelated sub-systems while managing an organisation.
The importance of situational contingencies to select the most suitable structure and
6 Contingency
system of management.
MANAGEMENT functions in
ORGANIZATIONAL approach
Functions Management Scholars’ Point of View
Forecast /
Planning / / / / / / /
Organizing / / / / / / /
Commanding /
Coordinating / /
Motivating /
Staffing / /
Leading / / /
Influencing /
Directing /
Controlling / / / / / / /
Therefore…
 Organizational management becomes one of the most
important ingredients to determine a successful
organization which consists of two or more people
working together.
 A comprehensive definition of an organizational
management is “the attainment of organizational goals
in an effective and efficient manner through
management functions (e.g. planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling) towards organizational
resources”
Subsection 1.1.2

OVERVIEWS
Definitions of PROJECT by several
Distinguished Bodies
 Project Management Institute (PMI, USA – through
The Project Management Body of Knowledge
(PMBoK)):

 “a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique

product or service”

 temporary means “every project has a definite beginning and

a definite end”
 unique as “the product or service is different in some
distinguishing way from all similar products or services”
Definitions of PROJECT by several
Distinguished Bodies
 Association of Project Management (APM, UK):

 “project is not an ordinary day-to-day basis, which

requires temporary teamwork from different parties
since specified start to end point, in order to achieve
common goals”
Definitions of PROJECT by several
Distinguished Bodies
 International Project Management Association (IPMA,
Holland – through IPMA Competence Baseline
document):

 “a time and cost constraint operation to realize a set of

defined deliverables (the scope to fulfill the project’s
objectives) up to quality standards and requirements”
Therefore…
 A project should have these characteristics:
 Objective(s)
 Defined scope
 Produce something(s)
 Something(s) that unique
 Within temporary time frame
 Consists of several important resources such as time, budget,
manpower, and materials
 May involve a complex environment
 May adopt crossed functional and beyond the traditional
organizational border line
 Critical COMPONENTS in PROJECT
Scholars’ Point of View
Cost/budget / / / / /
Time/schedule / / / / /
Quality / / / / /
Scope / / / /
Resources / / / / /
Overall client / / /
satisfaction
Keep an /
equilibrium
Therefore…
COST

RESOURCES TIME

SCOPE QUALITY

The Collection of Project’s Critical Components (should be in equilibrium)

General sequence of PROJECT phases
Project (any) Project (Construction)
Scholars Scholars’ Point of View
Phases 1. Initiation 1. Definition 1. Idea
2. Planning 2. Design 2. Conceptual design
3. Implementation 3. Construction 3. Approval of conceptual design
4. Close-out 4. Preliminary & final design
5. Bid package complete
6. Decision to release for bid
7. Advertise notice to bidders
8. Bid period & receipt of proposals
9. Select contractor
10. Notice to proceed
11. Construction period
12. Inspection & acceptance of project
Subsection 1.1.3

OVERVIEWS
Definition of CONSTRUCTION from
dictionary:
 “Construction” is a noun for “building”

 Commonly recognized as “an act to produce

something or product”
What you need to know…
 “Construction” may go through the process of building
something from:
 Scratch, or
 Remodeling, or
 Upgrading an existing product.
What you need to know…
 A “construction” process differs from a “manufacturing” process
although it produces a kind of product:
 “manufacture” of products begin with an initial design and it will
be produced according to the market analysis and what are the
respective customers wanted.
Initially, they will not have a customer until the product is
being displayed on a market shelves.

 “construction” of product will start according to the demand and

request by a respective customer, or simply the client.
The process also need to have a feasibility studies (consists of
market survey, design, and so on), but with the help of input from
the client who funded the project itself
What you need to know…
 Any construction is unique, given that it requires
various:

 construction techniques,
 knowledge,
 skills,
 pattern of relationship between parties,
 and the environment where the particular construction
takes place.
What you need to know…

 A construction consists of:

 a collection of activities which need to be
arranged according to:
 the predetermined specification, and
 within a given time frame.
What you need to know…
 Construction is said to have the following
characteristics:
 Complex,
 Dynamic, and
 Full of uncertainty.

 Every person within the environment (i.e.

construction practitioners):
 need to be managed, and
 their relationship must be kept smooth and uncluttered.
What you need to know…
 Additionally, the realm of the construction industry is
deemed to be constantly changing very fast due to
several issues including:
 social,
 economics,
 market forces,
 labour resources,
 emergence of new technologies,
 environmental, and
 government regulations.
What you need to know…
 Construction phase is commonly prone to cost overruns due to
several well-known problems (i.e. changes, delays, etc.) which
usually followed by changes in contract and claims (refer
following diagram)
What you need to know…
 During the construction phase, contractor plays a
significant role.

 Their contribution may start as early as the tendering

or bidding process until the physical product is
completed as planned.
Important RESOURCES in construction

 4M’s:
 manpower,
 materials,
 machines, and
 money.
 General SEQUENCE of construction
Scholars’ Point of Views
Phase 1 Bidding & selecting Bidding Bidding Contracting
Phase 2 Construction Pre-construction Construction Execution
Phase 3 Close-out Construction Inspection & Close-out
acceptance
Phase 4 Close-out Occupancy
Subsection 1.1.4

OVERVIEWS
Definition of SITE by scholars:
 Construction SITE is a place to transform, exploit and
utilize several basic resources such as manpower,
materials, and machines into a physical product.
What you need to know…
 After the selected contractor from the previous
bidding activity has been awarded, they will be given a
notice to proceed with the actual construction.

 From there on, the particular contractor is granted an

access to a SITE where the physical construction works
will be commenced.

 Therefore, the site can be considered a place where a

constructed facility will be built.
What you need to know…
 A proper site planning is a must, where it will
concurrently support the site operations and effective
flow of resources without compromising the safety and
health needs.

 The substantial generation of money in a construction

site may determine whether the particular
construction will gain profits or losses
What you need to know…
 Thus it requires a significant attention on the:
 efficiency,
 productivity, and
 quality.

 Especially on two essential activities such as:

 the materials and equipments handling, and
 the workforces’ skills in utilizing those resources to
produce the end product.
What you need to know…
 Site activities need to be defined concisely in order to
manage all resources efficiently and effectively towards
achieving the construction goals.
Section 1.2
Subsection 1.2.1

OVERVIEWS
Definition of Project Management
 “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and
techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed
stakeholder needs and expectations from a project”
(Project Management Institute (PMI), USA)

 To meet the stakeholders’ needs and expectations, it is

basically balancing the resources involved with their
requirements.
Definition of Project Management

 “the way of managing change, where there are

activities inside the project to meet specific objectives
and can be used to introduce or improve new or
existing products and services”
(Association of Project Management (APM), UK)
Definition of Project Management
 “A set of methods and approaches toward project’s
resources to achieve established goals through a series
of activities”
(Several Scholars)
Level of Efforts in Project Management
The PROJECT MANAGER
 Project Manager is usually the leader throughout the
whole project lifecycle.
 His/her roles and tasks generally surround:
Roles / Attributes of the PROJECT MANAGER
Summing up…
 Project management requires the inclusion of
important management functions (e.g. planning,
organizing, coordinating, leading, and controlling) in
order to accomplish the organizational goals in an
effective and efficient manner by exploiting project’s
critical components (i.e. time, cost, quality, scope,
and resources) throughout their entire life cycle.
 Summing up…
Several characteristics and approaches to Project Management

No. Characteristics Details Approaches Leads by

1 Period Have defined start and end Need to be managed properly
2 Product/service One of its kind According to client’s
requirements
3 Critical Time, cost, quality, scope, resources Need to be balance and in
components equlibrium Project
4 Resources Money, manpower, material, Need to be managed properly Manager
machines
5 Environment Complex, uncertain Inclusion of risk management,
change management, etc.
6 Phases From idea to acceptance of project Need to be managed properly
 The overall life cycle of a CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Construction Project’s Life Cycle

2 4 6 8 10
12
1

3 5 7 9 11

Legends: Process

1. Idea 7. Advertise notice to bidders

2. Conceptual design 8. Bid period & receipt of proposals
3. Approval of conceptual design 9. Select contractor
4. Preliminary & final design 10. Notice to proceed
5. Bid package complete 11. Construction period
6. Decision to release for bid 12. Inspection & acceptance of project
Subsection 1.2.2

OVERVIEWS
Definitions of CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
(adopted from the CIOB, UK)
The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB), UK divides the
comprehensive explanation into six sections:
Sections Construction Management is:
1 management of the development, conservation and improvement of the built environment;
exercised at a variety of levels from the site and project, through the corporate organisations of the
2
industry and its clients, to society as a whole;
embracing the entire construction value stream from inception to recycling, and focussing upon a
3
commitment to sustainable construction;
4 incorporating a wide range of specialist services;
guided by a system of values demonstrating responsibility to humanity and to the future of our planet;
5
and
6 informed, supported and challenged by an independent academic discipline.
 Roles / tasks of Construction Manager
CONSTRUCTION PHASE BOUNDARY

PLANT / MACHINERY
STAFF MATERIALS LABOUR SUB-CONTRACTORS
/ EQUIPMENT

COMPUTER & I.T. (for RESOURCES C B

C B general and construction ADMINISTRATION O O
O O specific applications) N U
N U
S N
S N GENERAL PRE-CONSTRUCTION T D
T D OVERALL THE
R A
CONSTRUCTION R A
ESSENTIAL CONSTRUCTION U R
U R MANAGEMENT CLOSEOUT &
COMPETENCY C Y
C Y MANAGER TASKS HANDOVER
T
T
I
I
RESPONSIBLE TO O
O RESPONSIBLE
CONSTRUCTION THIRD PARTIES, MAIN N
N
CONTRACT FOR / CONTRACTOR,
ADMINISTRATION OBJECTIVES CLIENT, CLERK OF P
P
WORK, DESIGN TEAM H
H
A
A
S
S
E
E

SAFETY MONEY QUALITY TIME ENVIRONMENT

CONSTRUCTION PHASE BOUNDARY

Summing up…
Several characteristics and approaches to Construction Management

No. Characteristics Details Approaches Leads by

1 Period Have defined start and end Need to be managed properly
2 Product/service One of its kind, unique According to client’s
requirements
3 Critical Time, cost, quality, scope, resources Need to be balance and in
components equlibrium
Construction
4 Resources Money, manpower, material, Need to be managed properly
Manager
machines
5 Environment Complex, uncertain, demanding Inclusion of risk management,
change management, etc.
6 Phases From bidding to acceptance of Need to be managed properly
project
The overall life cycle of Construction
Management

Legends: Process

1. Idea 7. Advertise notice to bidders

2. Conceptual design 8. Bid period & receipt of proposals
3. Approval of conceptual design 9. Select contractor
4. Preliminary & final design 10. Notice to proceed
5. Bid package complete 11. Construction period
6. Decision to release for bid 12. Inspection & acceptance of project
Subsection 1.2.3

OVERVIEWS
What is Site Management?
 Site management involves a combination of site
activities which mainly the organization of turning
necessary resources into a finished product.
Some characteristics of Site Management

 An excess of working loads and hours.

 A number of conflicting parties to deal.

 Usually led by the Site Manager.

 Roles / tasks of Site Manager
Visiting consultants, Take-off, schedule & requisition, Recruitment, dismissal, inter-site Schedules and requisitions, supplier liaison Assist tendering and selection process, issue
site/trade foreman, Supplier liaison, weekly records, liaison/transfer, supervision, direction & and correspondence, weekly hire records and information/variations, co-ordination, liaison or works,
trainees, site site use, stock checks, storage of motivation, weekly and monthly records, time sheets, site use and control, maintenance meeting, initiate general correspondence, progress
supervisors. materials. approve wages, prepare working sketches. of contractor’s plants & equipment. monitoring, administer quotations, claims and payments, site
measurements etc.

STAFF MATERIALS LABOUR PLANT SUB-CONTRACTORS

Public, Local
Authorities, Police.

Site setting out, lines &

levels, datums,
benchmarks, signage. RESOURCES
SURVEY THIRD PARTIES
WORKS
Site dairies, check
drawings, maintain all Service
site records, filing & ADMINISTRATION SUNDRIES THE SITE RESPONSIBLE TO Departments,
correspondences. CONTRACTOR Contracts Manager.
MANAGER
Directors
PRE-
CONSTRUCTION CLIENT, CLERK-OF
WORKS & DESIGN
TEAM
Survey existing site condition, Site photograph, design temporary site layout, master RESPONSIBLE FOR
programme, forecasting & scheduling resources, requirements for meetings, scheduling for Query list, variations, day work sheets, confirm verbal instructions, co-ordination,
meetings, planning for temporary buildings & site mobilisation. liaison of works, meetings, initiate general correspondence, reports.

SAFETY MONEY QUALITY TIME ENVIRONMENT

Risk assessment, site safety audits, health & Appraisals, weekly & monthly cost Prepare & check snag list, supervision, Long/medium/short term programmes, monitoring & Controlling activities to minimise
safety equipments, health & safety control, assist valuation, claims & recording of tests, record performance, and recording progress, schedules for information the impact to the environment,
records/audits, health & safety administration. payments. quality administration. requirements, planning & progress meetings materials re-use, site run-off, silt
trap, waste, storm water, etc.
 Summing up…
Several characteristics and approaches to Site Management

No. Characteristics Details Approaches Leads by

1 Period Have defined start and end
2 Product/service One of its kind, unique
3 Critical Time, cost, quality, scope, resources
components
4 Resources Money, manpower, material,
machines
5 Environment Complex, uncertain, demanding
6 Phases From notice to proceed to
acceptance of project
Need to be managed properly
According to client’s
requirements
Need to be balance and in
equlibrium
Site
Need to be managed properly
Manager
Inclusion of risk management,
change management, etc.
Need to be managed properly
 The overall life cycle of a Site Management

Legends: Process

1. Idea 7. Advertise notice to bidders

What’s inside?
2. Conceptual design 8. Bid period & receipt of proposals Go figure out!!
3. Approval of conceptual design 9. Select contractor
4. Preliminary & final design 10. Notice to proceed
5. Bid package complete 11. Construction period
6. Decision to release for bid 12. Inspection & acceptance of project
Subsection 1.2.4

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT

What you have learned!!
 By knowing briefly the terms associated with Project
Management, Construction Management, and Site
Management, you should have gained an insight into
their:
 Definition,
 Concept,
 Scope/boundary,
 Some characteristics, and
 Some principles.
What you have learned!!

 The advantages of knowing the previous knowledge:

 You might know the suitable application of sustainable
approach throughout the overall phases of construction
project.
 (Anything???)
The whole life cycle of a Construction Project

Legends: Process

1. Idea 7. Advertise notice to bidders

2. Conceptual design 8. Bid period & receipt of proposals
3. Approval of conceptual design 9. Select contractor
4. Preliminary & final design 10. Notice to proceed
5. Bid package complete 11. Construction period
6. Decision to release for bid 12. Inspection & acceptance of project
 The whole life cycle of a Construction Project
(+ after handing over)
Construction Project Management Facilities Management

Construction Management

Site Management

Construction
Decommissioning
Handover
Planning Design Procurement Site / Demolition
Liability period
activities
started