Digital Techniques

Electrical Instrument
System
5.1. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS
Convention and Development

 Before electronic controls systems age, commonly aircraft cockpit

instrument systems were arranged in the “classic T” or “basic T” in analog
systems
Air Speed Indicator

 Air Speed Indicator (ASI) or airspeed gauge is an instrument used in

an aircraft to display the craft’s airspeed.
 It used to knot as its unit.
 Knot equal to one nautical mile per hour.
 Nautical mile per hour= 1.852 km/hour
Altimeter

 Altimeter or an altitude meter is an instrument used to measure the altitude

of an object above a fixed level (above sea-level).
Gyroscopic Instruments

 Attitude Indicator (AI): (artificial horizon) is an instrument used in

an aircraft to inform the pilot of the orientation of the aircraft relative to
Earth's horizon.
 Heading Indicator (HI): is a flight instrument used in an aircraft to inform
the pilot of the aircraft’s heading.
Development [1/2]: EADI and EHSI

 Electronic Attitude Direction Indicator (EADI) and Electronic Horizontal

Situation Indicator (EHSI) are development of flight instrument.
Development [2/2]: Electronic Flight
Instruments System (EFIS)

 The develpoment in electronic system in aircraft cockpit is EFIS.

 Commonly called “glass cockpit”, consists of a Primary Flying Display and
Navigation Display.
Primary Flying Display (PFD)

 PFD shows information such as altitude, vertical speed, artificial horizon,

etc.
Navigation Display (ND)

 ND shows information of route, weather, waypoints, traffic, airport, navaids,

etc.
Example of PFD and ND in Boeing 777
The Boeing System [1/3]

 The Boeing system uses the Engine Indicating and Crew Alert System
(EICAS) and EFIS.
The Boeing System [2/3]
The Boeing System [3/3]
The Airbus System [1/3]

 The Airbus system uses the Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor System
(ECAM) to provide the engine, system, and synoptic information.
The Airbus System [2/3]
The Airbus System [3/3]