Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 6 - Drinking Water Purification
Chapter 6 - Drinking Water Purification
Clear
Water
Suspended
Solids
Chapter 6 –Drinking Water Purification
Settling Tank Design
SWD- side water depth is the actual depth of the
water in a settling tank. see p.157 - fig. 6.6
Freeboard – it serves to prevent splashing of
water over the tank sides.
Short-circuiting – Time to flow out of the settling
tank exceeds the detention time for settling the
particles
Weir loading rate – The flow rate per foot that
should be less than the specified maximum value.
(should keep particles from flowing over the weir)
Chapter 6 –Drinking Water Purification
http://www.h2o4u.org/story/index.html#contents
1.As the water flows into this basin, it is forced
to flow uphill between hundreds of flat 'plates.'
As the water flows over the top of these plates,
the floc gets stuck on the surface and collects
there.
2. The floc settles on these plates and
eventually falls to the bottom of the basin,
leaving clear water on the top!
Then, an underwater vacuum cleaner travels
along the bottom of the basin and sucks up all
the sediment.
Chapter 6 –Drinking Water Purification
Coagulation and Flocculation
Coagulants- causes colloids to stick together by
neutralizing their charge.
Flocs – are larger clumps of colloids that can settle
out.
Coagulation – Is considered the combined
process of flash-mix of coagulant and the slow
mix allowing for sedimentation.
Weir loading rate – The flow rate per foot that
should be less than the specified maximum value.
(should keep particles from flowing over the weir)
Filtration (sand filtering system)
http://www.timesunion.com/news/special/water/graphics/ground.stm
http://www.cyber-nook.com/water/contrisks.htm#sources
Chapter 6 –Drinking Water Purification
Method of Disinfection
19Water table.
20Livestock waste.
21Marine waste.
22River water contaminated with urban,
industrial and agricultural pollutants.
23Brine from oil injection well.
24Leaks from waste lagoon.
25Deep-well hazardous waste disposal.
26Water-bearing sandstone.
27Limestone .
Chapter 6 –Drinking Water Purification
Aluminum Sulfate
Chapter 6 –Drinking Water Purification
A Treatment Plant
1. Intake: Water is taken from the source. Logs, fish
and plants are screened out at the intake and then the
water is drawn into the treatment plant. If the source is
groundwater, the "screening" is done by the soil as the
water travels under the earth's surface. Sometimes
very little treatment is required for groundwater.
2. Chemical Addition: Aluminum sulfate (alum)
polymers and/or chlorine are added to the water.
These kill germs, improve taste and odor, and they
help settle solids still in the water. The water and these
chemicals are then mixed together.
3. Coagulation and Flocculation: Here, the alum and
other chemicals from the chemical addition step cling
to particles in the water. This is called coagulation. It
causes the particles to stick together and form larger
particles called floc.
Chapter 6 –Drinking Water Purification