Welcome

Seminar on

MEMRISTOR

19 Sept. 2009
 MEMRISTOR
Memristor

Memory + Resistor

Memristor
Defination of
Memristor
 A memristor is a semiconductor whose
resistance varies as a function of flux and
current. This allows it to “remember” what
has passed through the circuit.
 Characterized by Memristance
 Memristance
 Memristance is simply charge-dependent
resistance.
V(t) = M(q(t))*I(t)

 Unit - ohm (Ω)

 Symbol
Emergence Of Memristic
Theory
 Theory was developed in 1971 by
Professor Leon Chua at University of
California, Berkeley.
 Found while exploring symmetry
between the three fundamental passive
linear circuit elements
 In 2006, R.Stanley Williams developed
practical model.
Fundamental Circuit
Variables
 Voltage, V (V) – work done required to
bring charge from ∞ to a Electric field.
 Current, I (A) – flow of electric charge
 Flux, Φ(W) – rate of flow through an
area
 Charge, Q (C) – energy per electron
Fundamental Relationships
 Current is the derivative of Charge
Q= ∫I dt

 Voltage is the derivative of Flux

V= ∫ dΦ/dt
Symmetry Of
Relationships
Voltage Current
(V) (i)

Charge Flux (Φ)

(q)
3 Fundamental Passive Linear
Elements
 Capacitor,C (F)

 Resistor,R (Ω)

 Inductor,L (H)
CAPACITORS

q=Cv
Symmetry Of
Relationships
Voltage Current
(V) (i)

Capacitors q=Cv

Charge Flux (Φ)

(q)
 RESISTORS
Ohm’s Law
v=Ri
Symmetry Of
Relationships
Voltage Resistors Current
(V) v=Ri (i)

Capacitors q=Cv

Charge Flux (Φ)

(q)
INDUCTORS

Φ=Li
Symmetry Of
Relationships
Voltage Resistors Current
(V) v=Ri (i)
v=dΦ/dt i=dq/dt

Capacitors q=Cv Φ = Li Inductors

Charge ? Flux (Φ)

(q) ?
Symmetry Of
Relationships
Voltage Resistors Current
(V) v=Ri (i)
v=dΦ/dt i=dq/dt

Capacitors q=Cv Φ = Li Inductors

Charge Φ=Mq
Flux (Φ)
(q) Memristors
Relationship With Other
Variables
Φ = M q

 dΦ/dt = M(q) dq/dt

 V(t) = M(q) I

 P = I² M(q)
Property Of Memristor
 Retain its resistance level even after
power had been shut down

 Remember (or recall) the last resistance it

had, before being shut off.
 Memristic State
 Found when researching ways to overcome
nano-scale manufacturing issues.
 Memristivity has an inverse square relationship
with thickness of the material, so smaller =
better!
 Nonvolatile state can be accomplished by
memristors because their state is encoded by
impedance (physically), not by voltage.
 WORKING
2 nm PT TiOv(2-x) PT
(-)ve TiO2 (+)ve

3 nm

Reduced
Oxidized

 Applied voltage makes the oxygen vacancies

(+ve) to shift towards the –ve voltage.
 WORKING
Shift between the layers in
permanent in nature.
It exist even after the voltage has
been removed.
Causes the permanent change in
resistance
 Analogy Of Memristor
 The diameter of pipe
remains same when the
current is switched off,
until it is switched on
again.
 The pipe, when the
current is switched on
again, remembers what
current has flowed
A RESISTOR WITH MEMORY
through it. BEHAVES LIKE A PIPE
 Why So Late ???
 As its effect depends on atomic-scale
movements, it only poped up on the nanoscale
of William’s devices.
Benefits Of Memristor
Technology
 Would allow for a quicker boot up since
information is not lost when the device
is turned off.

 Hard Disk + Ram = MEMRISTOR

Benefits Of Memristor
Technology
 Uses less energy and produces less heat.
 Eliminates the need to write computer
programs that replicate small parts of the
brain.
Benefits Of Memristor
Technology
 Compatible with current CMOS interfaces
 Power Consumption
 As non-volatile memory, memristors do not
consume power when idle.
 Behaviour
 3 Memristors to make a NAND gate
 27 NAND gates to make a Memristor
Benefits Of Memristor
Technology
 Creating a Analog Computer that
works much faster than Digital ones.
 Provides greater resiliency and reliability
when power is interrupted in data
centers.
 Density allows for more information
to be stored.
What Sets Memristor
Apart ??
 Conventional devices use only 0 and 1;
Memristor can use anything between 0 and
1.
 Faster than Flash memory.
 Allow digital cameras to take pictures with
no delay inbetween
 Innovating nanotechnology due to the fact
that it performs better the smaller it becomes.
Future Technological
Significance
 Being implemented to do neural
computing. (post office, banks).
 Pattern recognition and learning.
 Crossbar latches to replace
transistors.
Future Technological
Significance
 Smaller, lower power consumption
SSDs.
 New forms signal processing and
control systems.
 Memristors can be used to do digital
logic using implication instead of
NAND.
 Not Perfect Yet !
 Though hundreds of thousands of memristor
semiconductors have already been built,
there is still much more to be perfected.
 Needs more defect engineering.
 No design standards (rules).
 Fair endurance (overlookable e.g..
Transistors
Questions ???