INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

Dissemination Direction

MISSION

Processing/
Analysis Collection

Is the repetitive process through which intelligence

is obtained, produced, and made available to users.
 Intelligence Cycle Summary

 Cycle feeds back upon itself

 Ensures that assessments continue

to be refined

 Intelligence stays up-to-date

 Responds to the need of the

commander
 DIRECTION PHASE
Identifies the problem that the intelligence process
is going to examine.
Several questions to be asked:
 Why am i working towards this intelligence product?
 Who is the consumer of my intelligence product?
 What is the task that the client wants me to address?
 What intelligence methods should i use to address the task?
 What resources will i require to address the task?
 Where will those resources come from?
 How long will it take to achieve the task?
1. Planning & Directing the
Collection Efforts
A. Determination of Intelligence
Requirements for decisions and
plans.

Classification of Intelligence
Requirements

1. Priority Intelligence Requirements

(PIR)/Essential Elements of
Information (EEI)
1. Planning & Directing the
Collection Efforts
 Information regarding the enemy and
the environment needed to assist the
commander in reaching a logical
decision

 It is the highest intelligence

requirements and the basis for
intelligence operations and personally
approved by the commander
1. Planning & Directing the
Collection Efforts
2. Other Intelligence Requirements
(OIR)

 Derived from command requirements

which do not qualify as PIR/EEI and
from staff requirements
1. Planning & Directing the
Collection Efforts

B. Stating the Intelligence requirements

PIR/EEI and OIR should be stated as
specific questions to be answered in
specific period of time.
1. Planning & Directing the
Collection Efforts
C. Determination of Indicators

 Any positive or negative evidence of

enemy activity or any characteristics of
the area of operation which points
toward enemy vulnerabilities or the
adoption or rejection by the enemy of a
particular capability, or which may
influence the commanders selection of
course of action.
1. Planning & Directing the
Collection Efforts

D. Determination of Intelligence Specific

Orders and Request.

E. Determine the collection agencies

together with the same time and place
the information are to be
reported/supervising the execution of
orders and requests
2. Collection of Information

Systematic exploitation of sources of

information by collection agencies and
the delivery of the information obtained
to the proper intelligence unit or agency.
 COLLECTION PHASE
The collection phase focuses on gathering and
collating information
STEPS IN THE COLLECTION PHASE:
Analyze the intelligence task/mission and identify the
information requirements
Identify where the information can be obtained. In identifying
and specifying the information requirements and methods of
collection, prepare an Information Collection Plan (ICP)
Gather the info and collate it into one central repository
 Evaluate the information
 Determine the validity, reliability and sensitivity
 Begin to make judgement
WHY IT IS VITAL?
…because, it will develop
a systematic and planned
approach to our collection
of information.
Two (2) Reasons for Adopting the ICP

1. To ensure that we collect

information in an efficient
manner.
2. To ensure that we collect
information in an effective
manner.
Steps:
1. The information requirements of the
Intelligence Task/Mission.
2. What information is needed to be collected?
3. Who we will collect this information from?
4. How we will collect this information?
5. Who we will use to collect this information?
6. When they should collect this information?
 Is a dynamic tool used to coordinate and
integrate the efforts of all collection units and
agencies.
 Is merely a management tool to assist the
Collection Manager in organizing his thought
processes.
 Is continually revised as required.
 Is a mental process and there is NO prescribed
format.
 Is merely an AID and NOT a substitute for
thinking
PRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS
Focuses on interpreting the intelligence and
information and developing inferences about we
believe is happening
IT STARTS BY:
 Breaking down the information into its basic and
studying the connections between those elements
 Pull the information together, connecting pieces of
information, and develop an inference on what the
information tell us
 Inference is tested for consistency and credibility,
constantly being compared with new information as it
comes into the process
 Formulate recommendations or options
a. Recording – reduction of information
to writing or some other form of
graphical representation and the
arranging of information into groups or
related items.

b. Evaluation – determination of the

pertinence, reliability and accuracy of
the information.
Reliability of source (Admiralty Scale)

Value Summary Index Definition

A Completely Reliable Refers to a Source or
Agency about whom there is
not doubt of its reliability,
trustworthiness or
competence. Information
supplied by a Source or
Agency that has in the past
proved to reliable at all
times
Reliability of source (Admiralty Scale)

Value Summary Index Definition

B Usually Reliable Refers to a Source or Agency
about whom there may be some
doubt as to its reliability,
trustworthiness or competency.
However, information obtained
from this source or agency in the
past has in the majority of
instances proved to be reliable
Reliability of source (Admiralty Scale)

Value Summary Index Definition

C Fairly Reliable Refers to a Source or Agency

about whom there is usually
doubt as to its reliability and
trustworthiness. Information
obtained from this source or
agency in the past, has proved
reliable in a moderate number of
cases.
Reliability of source (Admiralty Scale)

Value Summary Index Definition

D Not usually reliable Refers to a Source or Agency
about whom there is doubt as to
its reliability and
trustworthiness. Information
supplied in the past, is not
reliable, although occasionally
valid reports have been
submitted.
Reliability of source (Admiralty Scale)

Value Summary Index Definition

E Not reliable Refers to a Source or Agency
about whom there is great
doubt as to its reliability and
trustworthiness. Past
experience has proved it to be
unreliable, it doesn’t however
prevent such a Source or
Agency providing credible
information in the future.
Reliability of source (Admiralty Scale)

Value Summary Index Definition

F Cannot be Judged Refers to a Source or Agency
whose reliability has not been
determined by either
experience or investigation.
There is no way of knowing its
authenticity, trustworthiness
or competency.
 Validity/Accuracy of Information

Value Summary Index Definition

1 Confirmed Refers to information which is
substantiated or confirmed by
independent sources or
agencies; the information is
logical within itself and agrees
with other information on the
same subject.
 Validity/Accuracy of Information

Value Summary Index Definition

2 Probably True Refers to information which
gives every indication of being
accurate but which has not
been confirmed; the information
is logical within itself and
agrees with other information
on the same subject.
 Validity/Accuracy of Information

Value Summary Index Definition

3 Possibly True Refers to information which has
been neither confirmed nor
contradicted; the indications are
that the information concurs
somewhat with the general body
of information and is reasonably
logical but not yet capable of
confirmation.
 Validity/Accuracy of Information

Value Summary Index Definition

4 Doubtfully True Refers to information, which is
believed to be unlikely, although
the elements of possibility are
not excluded. Information has
not been contradicted nor is it
logical within itself. The
information is not in total
disagreement with other
information on the same subject.
 Validity/Accuracy of Information
Value Summary Index
5 Improbable report
6 Truth cannot be judged
Definition
Refers to information, which
contradicted by other data; is
logical within itself and in
disagreement with the general
body of information on the
same subject.
Refers to the information, the
truth which cannot be judged
at the same time because of
the lack of knowledge on the
same subject
 Sources of Information
Value Summary Index
T Direct observation by the Commander of a Unit
U Report by a penetration agent or resident agent
Report by an AFP trooper or PNP personnel in
V encounter or operation
Interrogation of a captured enemy agent or
W foreigner
Observation by a Government or civilian employee
X or official
Y Observation by a member of a populace
Z Documentary
 Evaluating the Information

To evaluate the source properly we need

to ask ourselves two important
questions:

 Where did the source or Agency get

this information?

 Why did they provide me with this

information?
 Validity of the Information

Source
Triangulation of or
Agency
Information:
Confirm or deny

Information
Confirm or deny
Confirm or deny

Source Source
or or
Agency Agency
c. Interpretation – determination of the
significance of the information relative
to the information and the intelligence
already known and drawing deductions
about the probable meaning of the
evaluated information.
 Steps in Interpretation
 Analysis – sifting and sorting of evaluated
information to isolate insignificant elements with
respect to the mission and operation of the unit

 Integration – combination of elements isolated in

analysis with other known information to form a
logical picture on hypothesis of enemy activities or
influence of operational area characteristics on the
mission of the unit

 Deduction – designed to answer the questions “What

does this information means in relation to the enemy
situation, weather and area of operation.
4. Dissemination and Use
of Information
To communicate our findings and
recommendation either by oral or written
report

Three (3) basic ways to communicate:

 Written intelligence report
 Oral briefings
 Electronic means
 Is an information acquired by an
organization which, because of its
confidentiality, the confidentiality of the
means by which the information was
derived, may allow an organization to
exploit to its advantage.
Descriptive – no predictive or
judgmental analysis.

Explanatory – seek to explain why

an incident occurred

Predictive – forward looking and

attempt to forecast an event or
situation
 Should be comprehensive

 Analysis must be valid

 Must be timely

 Proprieteness

 Security
 I I
MISSION
N N
D T
IR I SIR SOR
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C L
IR A SIR SOR IOC
P
T R
IR SIR SOR
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LEGEND:
PIR - Priority Intelligence Requirements
IR - Information Requirement
SIR - Specific Information Requirement
SOR – Specific Orders/Requests