The measure of heat…….

Glenn A. Issac
 1.DEFINITION
2.HISTORY
3.SCALE OF MEASUREMENT
4.TYPES
5.BENEFITS
 A device to measure temperature.
 A thermometer has two important
elements:
The temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb on a
mercury thermometer) in which some physical
change occurs with temperature
Some means of converting this physical
change into a value.
 The basic principle behind
temperature measurement was
known in 300 B.C.
 Galileo invented the first
thermometer in the late 1600s.
 Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the
first reliable mercury thermometer
in 1714.
 Anders Celsius developed another
popular scale for thermometers in
1742. Contd…
 Contd…

 1596 Galileo Galilei & his Crude

Thermoscope
 1654 Santorio Santorio & Thermometer
 1654 Grand Duke of Tuscany & Liquid-in-
Glass Thermometer
 1714 Gabriel Fahrenheit, His Mercury
Thermometer, His Temperature Scale
 1731 Reamur and His Temperature Scale
 1742 Celsius and His Scale
 1848 Lord Kelvin and His Absolute
Temperature Scale
 The most common scales
Fahrenheit and Celsius.
 The formula to convert:
C = (F – 32)5/9
F = 5/9C + 32.
 The most recent official
temperature scale is the
International Temperature
Scale of 1990. It extends
from 0.65 K (−272.5 °C) to
approx 1,358 K (1,085 °C).
 TYPES OF THERMOMETERS

APPLICATION MECHANISM

CLINICAL OUTDOORS MERCURY INFRARED

FOOD EXPANSION
 Mercury filled in a glass
tube and a glass bulb
at the bottom.
 As the temperature
increases, the mercury
rises in the glass tube.
 The glass tube is
calibrated in Celsius,
Fahrenheit or both.
 Expansion thermometers use
thermocouples or thermistors to sense the
change in temperature and display the
temperature on a digital display.
 Can be used in the same way as a glass
thermometer.
 They work by focusing
infrared heat onto a sensor
that can convert infrared
energy into temperature
units.
 Can safely measure surface
temperature of hot objects,
dangerous or difficult to
access.
 Can be hand-held, portable
or mounted.
  PROS: very accurate,

very easy to read.

LCD
 CONS: high cost, need
batteries to operate . Display
meter is not submersible and
can be damaged by water or
rough handling.
 Checking mechanical equipment or electrical
circuit breaker boxes or outlets for hot spots.
 Using an IR thermometer, measurements by
remote sensing were carried out for surface
temperatures of the bottom-floor and wall of
the central pit and its surrounding crater
bottom of Mihara volcano, Ooshima, Japan.
 Monitoring materials in process of
heating and cooling.
 Checking for hot spots in fire fighting
situations
 Checking heater or oven temperature, for
calibration and control purposes
 Night vision.