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What Is Linguistics
What Is Linguistics
What Is Linguistics
What Is Linguistics
2.1 Definition of linguistics
2.2 Branches of linguistics
2.3 Macrolinguistics
2.4 Important distinctions in linguistics
2.1 Definition
Linguistics is the scientific study of langua
ge.
study – investigation
scientific - exhaustiveness 穷尽性
consistency 一致性
economy 简洁性
objectivity 客观性
2.2 Branches of
linguistics
2.2.1 Phonetics 语音学
2.2.2 Phonology 音系学
2.2.3 Morphology 形态学
2.2.4 Syntax 句法学
2.2.5 Semantics 语义学
2.2.6 Pragmatics 语用学
2.2.7 Modern linguistics and traditional gram
mar
2.2.1 Phonetics 语音学
Phonetics is the study of speech sounds.
Three different branches of phonetics:
1) Articulatory phonetics 发音语音学
2) Auditory phonetics 听觉语音学
3) Acoustic phonetics 声学语音学
2.2.2 Phonology 音系学
Phonology studies the sound system of langu
ages. The aim of phonology is to demonstr
ate the patterns of distinctive sounds fou
nd in a language, and to make as general st
atements as possible about the nature of
sound systems in the languages of the wor
ld. The object of study in phonology is pho
neme ( 音位 ).
2.2.3 Morphology 形态
学
Morphology studies the formation of
words, that is, how words are formed
from smaller units of meaning –
morphemes. Morphemes are the
minimal units of meaning. They can be
used to derive words and to give
grammatical information about a word.
Languages differ in their degree of dependence on morphol
ogical components.
Chinese: 男:我是学生。
女:我是学生。
男男:我们是学生。
女女:我们是学生。
English: Boy: I’m a student.
Girl: I’m a student.
Boys: We’re students.
Girls: We’re students.
French: Garçon: Je suis étudiant.
Fille: Je suis étudiante.
Garçons: Nous sommes étudiants.
Filles: Nous sommes étudiantes.
2.2.4 Syntax 句法学
Syntax studies the rules that govern the formation of sentences
from words. These rules specify word order, sentence
organization, and the relationship between word order, word
classes and other sentence elements.