STREET LNDSCAPING

…..cont.
Street furnitures
• Street furniture are objects and pieces of equipment installed on
streets and roads for different purposes, including traffic
barrier, benches, bollards, post boxes, phone
boxes, streetlamps, street lighting, traffic lights, traffic signs, bus
stops, grit bins, tram stops, taxi stands, public
lavatories, fountains and memorials, and waste receptacles. The term
is used mainly in the United Kingdom and Canada. An important
consideration in the design of street furniture is how it affects road
safety.

• Street lighting is a key organizing
streetscape element that defi nes
the nighttime visual environment in
urban settings. Street lighting
includes roadway and pedestrian
lighting in the public right-of-way.
• Quality streetscape lighting helps
defi ne a positive urban character
and support nighttime activities. Th
e quality of visual information is
critical for both traffi c safety and
pedestrian safety
and security. Lighting should be designed not only for
vehicular
traffi c on the roadways, but also for pedestrians on
sidewalks and
pedestrian paths.
Placement
Pedestrian lighting should be prioritized in the following
locations:
Streets with high pedestrian volumes
Key civic, downtown, and commercial streets
Streets with concerns about pedestrian safety and
security, such as at freeway underpasses
Small streets such as alleys and pedestrian pathways
Swales
• Swales Street swales are long narrow landscaped depressions
primarily used to collect and convey stormwater and improve water
quality.
BOLLARDS
• A bollard is a sturdy, short, vertical post. Although it originally
described a post on a ship or quay used principally for mooring boats,
the word is now used to describe posts installed to control road traffic
and posts designed to prevent ram raiding and car ramming attacks.
 Types of bollards:
• Traffic bollards
According to Trafficcalming.org,bollards can be used, either to control traffic
intake size by limiting movements, or to control traffic speed by narrowing the
available space. Israel's Transportation Research Institute found that putting
bollards at highway exits to control traffic also reduced accidents.

• Illuminated bollards
Internally illuminated traffic bollards have been in existence throughout the United
Kingdom since the 1930s, although the term "bollard" only seems to have been in
common use since the late 1940s. An illuminated bollard has a recessed base light
unit in the foundation which illuminates the traffic bollard from all angles. The
main components are housed below the surface of the improvement (typically a
concrete surface). Therefore, if a vehicle strikes the traffic bollard, the units below
the surface are not damaged.
• Bell bollards
A bell bollard is a style of bollard designed to deflect vehicle tires. The
wheel mounts the lower part of the bollard and is deflected by its
increasing slope. Such bollards are effective against heavy goods
vehicles that may damage or destroy conventional bollards or other
types of street furniture
• Removable bollards
Bollards may be hinged at ground level, allowing them to be folded flat
to permit vehicles to drive over them. In such cases they are generally
fitted with padlocks at the base, to prevent being lowered without
proper authorization. Removable bollards may be fitted into a
permanent metal ground socket, from which they can be removed
entirely to allow traffic to pass.
• Protective bollards
Bollards are used by government agencies and private businesses to
protect public spaces, buildings, and the people in them from car
ramming attacks. They usually consist of a simple steel post either
anchored to concrete, cored into a hard surface, buried in the ground or
secured on a self-locking taper or impact recovery system to protect the
surrounding foundations when a bollard is struck.
• Flexible bollards
• Flexible bollards are bollards designed to bend when struck by vehicles.
They are typically made from synthetic plastic or rubber that is stiff on its
own, but pliable under the weight of a car or truck. When struck, flexible
bollards typically bend 90 degrees to ground—avoiding damage to vehicles
and surrounding surfaces—and return to their original, upright position.
While flexible bollards do not provide physical protection from vehicles,
they offer clear visual guidance for drivers.
• Racing bollards
Some forms of motorsport use removable, high-visibility bollards on road
courses and street courses to mark the apex of certain corners. They are
used to deter cutting a corner too tightly and violating track limits: in most
racing series, drivers may incur a penalty for colliding with or driving inside
these bollards
Racing bollards are very lightweight and built to break off at the base when
hit so as to not damage the vehicle; this feature of bollards makes them
favored over "sausage kerbs"—also used to prevent cutting corners—which
are elevated rigid structures that run along the inside of a turn. In contrast
to bollards, sausage kerbs are much more unforgiving, and vehicles that hit
them can be severely damaged or launched airborne upon contact.