Geotechnical aspects of landfill design

AARON P. ALARCON
BSCE-5A
Geotechnical aspects of landfill design
HAZARDOUS WASTES
AARON P. ALARCON
BSCE-5A
HAZARDOUS WASTES
According to the Philippine Toxic
Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear
Wastes Control Act of 1990 (Republic
Act No. 6969)
Hazardous wastes are hereby defined as substances that are without any safe
commercial, industrial, agricultural or economic usage and are shipped,
transported or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal into or
in transit through any part of the territory of the Philippines.

Hazardous wastes shall also refer to by-products, side-products, process residues,

spent reaction media, contaminated plant or equipment or other substances from
manufacturing operations, and as consumer discards of manufacture products.
According to the United Nations Environment
Program auspices, Dec. 1985.
Hazardous wastes mean [solids, sludges, liquids, and containerized
gases] other than radioactive [and infectious] wastes which, by reason
of their chemical activity or toxic, explosive, corrosive, or other
characteristics, cause danger or likely will cause danger to health or the
environment, whether alone or when coming into contact with other
waste.
IDENTIFICATION HAZARDOUS
WASTES
1) It must be a Solid Waste
RCRA states that "solid waste" means any garbage or refuse, sludge from a wastewater
treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other
discarded material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural
operations, and from community activities.
A solid waste is any material that is discarded by being:

a) Abandoned
b) Inherently Waste-Like
c) A Discarded Military Munition
d) Recycled in Certain Ways: A material is recycled if it is used or reused (e.g., as an ingredient
in a process), reclaimed, or used in certain ways (used in or on the land in a manner
constituting disposal, burned for energy recovery, or accumulated speculatively).
2) It must be in the Listed Waste Tables
and/or a Characteristic Waste
A.) F-List
-wastes are known as wastes from non-specific sources.
• Spent solvent wastes, • Wood preserving wastes,
• Electroplating and other metal • Petroleum refinery wastewater
finishing wastes, treatment sludges, and
• Dioxin-bearing wastes, • Multisource leachate.
• Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
production
B.) K-List
-wastes from specific sectors of industry and
manufacturing and are considered source-specific
wastes.
• Wood preservation, • Explosives manufacturing,
• Organic chemicals manufacturing, • Iron and steel production,
• Pesticides manufacturing, • Primary aluminum production,
• Petroleum refining, • Secondary lead processing,
• Veterinary pharmaceuticals manufacturing, • Ink formulation, and
• Inorganic pigment manufacturing, • Coking (processing of coal to produce coke).
• Inorganic chemicals manufacturing,
C) The P and U Lists
-designate as hazardous waste pure and commercial
grade formulations of certain unused chemicals that are
being disposed.
•The waste must contain one of the chemicals listed on the P or U list;
•The chemical in the waste must be unused; and
•The chemical in the waste must be in the form of a commercial chemical
product.
Characteristic Waste
Wastes containing properties which indicates that the waste poses a
sufficient threat to merit regulation as hazardous.
Toxicity
Wastes that are hazardous due to the toxicity characteristic are harmful
when ingested or absorbed. Toxic wastes present a concern as they may
be able to leach from waste and pollute groundwater.
Corrosivity
Wastes that are hazardous due to the corrosivity characteristic include
aqueous wastes with a pH of less than or equal to 2, a pH greater than or
equal to 12.5 or based on the liquids ability to corrode steel.
Ignitability
Wastes that are hazardous due to the
ignitability characteristic include
liquids with flash points below 60 °C,
non-liquids that cause fire through
specific conditions, ignitable
compressed gases and oxidizers.
Reactivity
Wastes that are hazardous due to the reactivity characteristic may be unstable under
normal conditions, may react with water, may give off toxic gases and may be capable of
detonation or explosion under normal conditions or when heated.
Examples of Hazardous Wastes
• Paints and solvents
• Automotive wastes (used motor oil, antifreeze, etc.)
• Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, etc.)
• Mercury-containing wastes (thermometers, switches, fluorescent lighting, etc.)
• Electronics (computers, televisions, cell phones)
• Aerosols / Propane cylinders
• Caustics / Cleaning agents
• Refrigerant-containing appliances
• Some specialty batteries (e.g. lithium, nickel cadmium, or button cell batteries)
• Ammunition
• Radioactive wastes (some home smoke detectors are classified as radioactive waste
because they contain very small amounts of radioactive isotope of americium - see:
Disposing of Smoke Detectors).
• E-waste
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING