Oral Presentation Skills

Management 3200
Learning Objectives
 At the conclusion of this lecture, you
should:
– Know how to plan and prepare an effective
oral presentation utilizing the OABC
principle.
– Feel confident in your ability to deliver a
good oral presentation verbally and non-
verbally.
– Be able to create and use visual aids to
enhance verbal message.
Learning Objectives
 At the conclusion of this lecture, you
should:
– Understand how to set-up a room to
facilitate the desired learning environment.
– Feel comfortable facilitating a question and
answer session.
– Know how to make a group presentation
more effective.
– Be able to evaluate your presentation.
Oral Presentation Agenda
 Preparation
– Planning
– OABC
 Presentation
– Voice
– Non-verbal communication
– Visual aids
– Room layout
Oral Presentation Agenda (cont’d)

 Presentation
– Time
– Question & answer session
 Presentation tips
– General
– Group
 Post-evaluation
 Q&A
 Conclusion
Preparation: Planning
 Create an objective to achieve purpose
 Analyze audience
 Plan timing
 Consider delivery methods
 Preparation: Planning

Delivery Methods
 Memorized
 Manuscript/Reading
 Extemporaneous/Speaking from notes
 Impromptu
Preparation: Opening
 Must be creative/catch attention
– Question (rhetorical or other)
– Appropriate humor
– Visual
– Interesting story
– Good/bad example
– Quote
– Hypothetical question
– Startling fact
Preparation: Opening
 BLUF – bottom-line up-front
 Don’t apologize or make excuses
 Write it last
 Consider memorizing it
Preparation: Agenda

 Outline major content

area
 Group major points
into seven items
 Consider having visible
throughout
Preparation: Body
 Develop each major area from agenda
 Provide support
– Statistics, examples, testimonials, stories,
analogies, explanations
– Something that will be remembered
 Choose logical sequence
 Build-in internal summaries/transitions
 Preparation: Body

Questioning
 Why Ask?
 Closed vs. Open-ended
 Overhead vs. Direct
 Relay vs. Reverse
 Preparation: Body

Questioning
 Getting Responses
– Ice-breaker
– Ten-Second Rule
– Listening skills
– Movement
Preparation: Conclusion
 Strong and clear
 Ensure purpose/objective is achieved
– Repeat major points/summarize
– Give conclusions and recommendations
– Give a challenge/action steps
 Conduct Q & A
 Plan a solid ending after Q & A
Oral Presentation Agenda
 Preparation
 Presentation
– Voice
– Non-verbal communication
– Visual aids
– Room layout
– Time
– Question & answer session
Presentation: Voice
 Pitch - high or low frequency
 Rate - speed at which you speak
 Volume - how loud you speak
 Tone - cumulative effect of voice
 Fillers
 Silence
Presentation: Non-verbal
 Two main sources: face and upper
limbs
 Eye Contact/Facial Expression
– Three-second conversations with audience
members
 Upper limbs
– Use to supplement your spoken message
Presentation: Non-verbal
 Appearance/Posture
– Not noticed
– Well groomed
– Slightly more formal than audience
 Movement
– Use floor space effectively
– Move toward audience naturally
– Don’t pace or wander
– Place weight evenly on both feet
Presentation: Visual Aids
 Do NOT Use Visual Aids to:
– impress your audience with overly
detailed tables
– avoid interaction with your audience
Visuals
– make more thanthat
one DISTRACT
main point
from the Presentation
– present simple ideas that are easily stated
verbally should not be used!
– present irrelevant data
Presentation: Visual Aids
 Most common visual aids:
– Computer projected images
– Overhead projector
– Posters and flip charts
– Audiovisual
– Handouts
– Photographic slides
– Artifacts
 Presentation: Visual Aids

Proper Use of Visual Aids

OVERHEAD/
FLIP CHARTS SLIDES

AUDIO-VISUAL
Improper Layout of Power point
Slide
Sounds
 Sounds
Fly-ins
 Fly-ins
Distracting
 Distracting backgrounds
backgrounds
Loud
 Loud Colors Colors
Wild
 Wild pictures
pictures
Strange
 Strange fonts fonts &
& letter
letter junk
junk
 Small fonts
 Small fonts

Too
 Too many
many bullets!
bullets!
 Presentation: Visual Aids

General Issues to Consider

 Visibility  Portability
 Professional  Cost
image  Ease of
 Availability
creation
 Reliability
and updating
 Intrusiveness
 Ease of use
Presentation: Room Layout
 Eliminate distractions
– Windows, wall hangings, colors
 Carpeted with sound-absorbing walls
and ceiling to ensure quiet
 Lighting considerations
 Square shaped
 Temperature controls
Presentation: Room Layout
 Ensure there are enough seats for everyone.
 Make sure the area is clean.
 Set up your materials and visuals.
 Have extra supplies on hand.
 Set-up the room prior to training (if possible).
 Tables (moveable) and chairs (comfortable).
 Presentation: Room Layout

Semi-Circle/U Arrangement
 Presentation: Room Layout

Center Table Arrangement

 Presentation: Room Layout

Round-Table Arrangement
 Presentation: Room Layout

Classroom Arrangement
 Presentation: Room Layout

Chevron Arrangement
 Presentation: Room Layout

Half Round Arrangement

 Presentation: Room Layout

Without Tables Arrangement

 Presentation: Room Layout

Without Tables Arrangement

Presentation: Time
 Stay within allotted time
 Practice and time
 Time each section
 Build in cushion time for any audience
involved activities
– Discussion
– Questions
– Hands on activity
Presentation: Q & A
 When to take?
– During
– After
 Prepare
– Planning anticipated questions
– Practicing answers
 Presentation: Q & A

Answering Questions
 Listen carefully
 Answer accurately, concisely, clearly and
admit when you don’t know the answer
 Tough questions:
– remain calm
– take time to think
– answer honestly
– ask the audience for assistance
– don’t ramble
Oral Presentation Agenda
 Preparation
 Presentation
 Presentation tips
– General
– Group
 Post-evaluation
Presentation Tips
 Practice Techniques
– Speak conversationally
– Rehearse out loud on your feet
– Memorize key parts
– Practice with visuals
– Critique practice session
– Simulate actual situation
– Time yourself
 Presentation Tips

Six Misconceptions
 You have to have a God-given talent to be
a good speaker.
 It was a lot easier for “them”.
 Good speakers don’t have to work at it.
 The experienced people don’t get nervous.
 I could never be a good speaker.
 I’ve tried all that and it didn’t work.
 Presentation Tips

Overcoming Apprehension
 Start small
 Add on progressively
 Start with a message of importance to you
 Know your material and PREPARE well
 Speak often, as much as you can, in all
forms
 Practice and test
 Presentation Tips

Overcoming Apprehension (cont’d)

 Know the territory

 Visualize and assume success
 Talk one-to-one with friendly faces
 Focus on the message, not what the audience
might be thinking of you
 Perform activities that reduce inhibitions
about speaking
 Give yourself many reasons to feel good about
yourself
 Presentation Tips

Let the Presentation Begin

 Start with a bang
 Stand straight and tall but relaxed
 Move around the room
 Don’t speak until you have eye contact
with the audience
 Show enthusiasm - Be conscious of your
voice tone and rate of speech
 Presentation Tips

Let the Presentation Begin

 Think: What do you want your
audience to see?
– Confidence
– Preparation
– Flow
 Make it look effortless
Post-Evaluation
 Make mental notes throughout presentation
of things to improve:
– Questions you couldn’t answer
– Hard selling points
– Areas of difficulty for audience
– Nervous behaviors
 At a break or at the conclusion, indicate
changes needed on notes
 Ask audience (when appropriate) for feedback
 Question and
Answer Session
Conclusion
 You can be a good presenter;
presentation skills can be learned.
 Careful preparation and practice cannot
be faked.
 Know your purpose and plan to achieve
it.
 Visual aids should enhance not distract
from you.