Endoscopic procedures

Prepared by:
Maria Luisa O. Nacpil
 Endoscopic Procedures
Endoscopy: Procedures using an endoscope to diagnose
or treat a condition.
TYPES OF ENDOSCOPY
esophogealgastroduodenoscopy (EGD)-often called
upper endoscopy
gastroscopy
enteroscopy
endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
(ERCP)
colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG).
Upper gastro intestinal fibroscopy/
esophagogastroduodenoscopy

fibroscopy allows direct visualization of the

esophageal, gastric an duodenal mucosa
through a lighted endoscope.

perform for suspected esophageal, gastric or

duodenal abnormalities or inflammatory,
neoplastic or infectious processes.
 Nursing Interventions:
Preoperative or preprocedure teaching
NPO for 8 º
MAG is given - Midozolam, Atropine and Glucagon
After the procedure assess for:
Level of conciousness
Vital signs
Oxygen saturation
Pain level
Any signs of perforation
 Fiberoptic Colonoscopy

virtual colonoscopy provides computer-simulated

endoluminal perspective of air-filled distended colon
using conventional spiral or helical CT scanning.

use for cancer screening and for surveillance in

patients with previous colon cancer polyps.

Direct visual inspection of large intestine by means of

flexible fibroptic colonoscope
Nursing interventions

Cleansing the colon through fleet’s or saline

enema
The physician may prescribe laxatives
intestinal lavages for effective cleansing bowel
such as poly-ethylene glycol electrolyte (Go-
LYTELY, CoLyte and Nu-Lytely
Clear liquid diet
 Anoscopy, Proctoscopy and Sigmoidoscopy

edoscopic examination of the anus, rectum

and sigmoid and descending colon which is
use to evaluate chronic diarrhea, fecal
incontinence, ischemic colitis and lower GI
hemorrhage and to observe for ulceration,
fissures, abscesses, tumors, polyos or other
pathologic processes.
Nursing interventions

Warm tap water or fleet’s enema until returns

are clear
During procedure, nurse monitors patient for
rectal bleeding and any intestinal perforation
Small-Bowel Enteroscopy

Use of small caliber transnasal endoscope

to allow direct visualization of the wall of
the small intestine.

Two methods used: “push” and the “pull”

endoscope method
 Endoscopy through Ostomy

use of flexible endoscope to trough an

ostomy ostoma to visualize the segment
of the small or large intestine to evaluate
anastomosis for recurrent disease,
bleeding in the segment of the bowel.
 Defecography

Measures anorectal function and is performed

with very thick barium paste instilled into the
rectum.

Fluoroscopy- assess the function of the rectum

and anal sphincter while the patient attempts to
expel the barium.
 Laparoscopy

Direct visualization of organs and structures

within abdomen.

Use to evaluate peritonial disease, chronic

abdominal pain, abdominal masses and
gallbladder or liver disease.

Requires general anesthesia