PRACTICAL RESEARCH II

BY

EVANGELISTA, GERRY BETH A

the nature of variables
ICEBREAKER/ENERGIZER

RECALL

LAUNCH

NAVIGATE

ELEVATE
 What is research?

 Qualitative over Quantitative

When conducting a research, it is
important to identify and measure
the variables being studied.
 Variables are properties or
characteristics of some event,
object, or person that can be
assigned with different values or
amount.
In conducting research, especially
in experiments, these variables are
often manipulated.
 Is what the researchers manipulates to see if it changes

the dependent variable.

 Hypothesized to affect the dependent variable.

 Variable that changes as a result of an

intervention or experiment.
 The changes in the dependent variable are

what researchers is trying to measure and

test.
Exposure to different Plant growth
colored lights
(dependent variable)
(independent variable)
Case 1:

Ascorbic acid,(Vitamin C), if given in megadoses, is

known to reduce the occurrence of cancer cells.
To test this hypothesis, patients with known cancers
were given megadoses of Vitamin C for a period of
twelve weeks. After twelve weeks, screening tests were
done to determine decrease of cancer cells.
 ?
(independent variable)
?
(dependent variable)
 DISCRETE VARIABLE

A discrete variable assumes a

distinct point on a scale.
Is a variable that can assume a
continuous scale rather than distinct
point on a scale.
In doing research, it is important to be
aware of other variables. These
variables are control, intervening, and
extraneous variables.
 CONTROL VARIABLE

constant and unchanged

 INTERVENING VARIABLE

link or bridge the gap between independent and

dependent

 EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE

should be controlled because it can be affect the

dependent variable
PROVIDES A LABEL, CATEGORIZATION,
OR CLASSIFICATION

PROVIDES AN ORDER OR RANK OF THE

VALUE
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS
ON A SCALE

HAS THE PROPERTY OF NOMINAL, ORDINAL

AND INTERVAL; POSSESSES A TRUE ZERO
POINT
TEST

RECAP