TYPES OF SYSTEM

BY ANKITA KISHORE
 VARIOUS TYPES ARE:
1. Physical or Abstract systems
2. Open or Closed systems
3. Deterministic or Probabilistic
4. Man made systems
Formal systems – Organization representation
Informal systems – Employee based system
Computer based information systems – Computer
handling business applications. These are collectively
known as Computer Based Information systems
(CBIS).
a. Transaction Processing System (TPS)
b. Management Information System (MIS)
c. Decision Support System (DSS)
PHYSICAL or ABSTRACT SYS.
• Physical systems are tangible
entities that may be static or
dynamic in operation. For
Example, the physical parts of
the computer center are the
offices, desks, and chairs that
facilitate operation of the
computer. They can be seen
and counted, they are static. In
contrast, programmed
computer is a dynamic system.
Data, programs, output and
application changes as the
user's demand or the priority of
the inforamation requested
changes.
• Abstract systems are
conceptual or nonphysical
entities. They may be models-
the abstract conceptualization
of physical situations. A model
is a representation of a real or
a planned system. The use of
models makes it easier for the
analyst to visualize
relationships in the system
under study. The objective is
to point out the significant
element and the key
interrelationships of a complex
system.
 OPEN or CLOSED SYS.
• An open system is a • A system in which the
system which allows specifications are kept
application portability secret to prevent
system interoperability interference from third
and user portability parties. It inhibits third-
between many different party software from being
computer vendor installed; it keeps third-
hardware platforms. party hardware from
interoperating with it, and
it prevents third-party
enhancements from
improving the product.
DETERMINISTIC or
PROBABLISTIC
 FORMAL OR INFORMAL SYS.
• This system defines very
clearly the work-flow system,
communication flow-down and
the authority. The information
flows in terms of policies,
goals, strategies, rules and
regulations from the top level
management to the bottom
level of management.. The
information also flows from the
bottom level management to
the top level in terms of
feedback, results of work done
• The informal information
system should be employee
based and cater to their
development and solve their
work related problem.
Employee co-operation and
the knowledge of the informal
communication should help
one to get a good Informal
Information Systems in place.
 COMPUTER BASED SYS. ARE:
Transaction Processing Systems
• Processes business transaction of the organization.
Transaction can be any activity of the organization.
• For example, take a railway reservation system. Booking,
canceling, are all transactions. Any query made to it is a
transaction.
Some common to almost all organizations. Like
employee new employee, maintaining their leave status,
maintaining employees accounts.
• This provides high speed and accurate processing of
record keeping of basic operational processes. These
include calculation, storage and retrieval.
• Provide speed and accuracy, and can be programmed to
follow routines functions of the organization
Management Information Systems
• These systems assist lower management in
problem solving and making decisions. They use
the results of transaction processing and some
other information also. It is a set of information
processing functions. It should handle queries as
quickly as they arrive. An important element of
MIS is database.
• A database is a non-redundant collection of
interrelated data items that can be processed
through application programs and available to
many users.
Decision Support Systems
• These systems assist higher management to make long
term decisions.
• Handle unstructured or semi structured decisions. A
decision is considered unstructured if there are no clear
procedures for making the decision and if not all the
factors to be considered in the decision can be readily
identified in advance.
• These are not of recurring nature. Some recur
infrequently or occur only once. A decision support
system must very flexible. The user should be able to
produce customized reports by giving particular data and
format specific to particular situations
 CASE STUDY
• A company namely Que tal’ Prvt Ltd deals
into car manufacturing & distribution
system.
• Theres a logistic problem: recommending
the best distribution for used cars among
various automobile auction.
• WHAT SYSTEM DO YOU THINK THEY
MUST HAVE USED?
 ANS: AN INTELLEGENT DSS
• Solved by combining prediction,
Optimization, Adaptation in one integrated
system that has generated impressive
profits for such a auto manufacturer.
• In addition to generating data that users
can’t immediately apply to their tasks such
systems are often static rendering them
unable to respond to both the business &
th world bu large.
 EXAMPLES
• DSS: Forecasting Sales, Pricing Analysis
• MIS: Sales Performance, Production
Planning
• TPS: Inventory Mgt. , Salary Processing,
Accounts Receivables, Billing System