EMERGENCY METHODS

OF EVACUATING CASUALTIES
WITHOUT EQUIPMENT

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 INTRODUCTION
Non-Risky Situation
• Package casualties wherever possible
• Evacuate casualties with stretchers
• Ensure comfort or minimize the suffering of the casualties

Emergency or Risky Situation

• No stretchers or time to construct improvised stretchers
• The casualty must be removed quickly due to potential
dangers
• Do not attempt to rescue if your own life is in danger

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 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Understand the correct techniques to be
applied on the casualty

• Execute the correct method of carrying the

casualty

• Demonstrate the necessary safety measures

taken to prevent injury to the rescuers

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 SCOPE

• Introduction
• Factors influencing methods used
• Safety Precautions
• Demonstration and Practical of 1-Man
Emergency Methods of Evacuating Casualties
• Demonstration and Practical of 2-Man
Emergency Methods of Evacuating Casualties
• Conclusion

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 FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE METHODS USED
Methods employed will depend on a
combination of the following factors:
a. Type and severity of the injuries
b. Casualty’s status
• conscious
• unconscious
c. Weight of the casualty
d. Availability of Rescuers
e. Distance and Route
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 GENERAL RULES
• Search should commence at the point of the
greatest survival rate
• In multi-storey buildings, search should start
from the top and work your way down
• Common places where casualties are found:
a) Near doors
b) Near windows
c) At staircases
d) In the restrooms

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 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• Always work in pairs
• Ensure the proper placement of your feet for the selected
techniques – to prevent falling
• The correct method of lifting and gripping must be followed
• Put on safety gears
• Bring along a torch
• Ensure that the method selected does not suffocate or
cause further injury to the casualty
• Do not drop the casualty
• Squat down to Lift casualty instead of bending body down
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 Emergency Methods of Casualty
Evacuation from Surface Area
One-Man Operations
1. Fireman’s Lift
• Light casualty, no back/spinal injuries

2. Fore Method
• Casualty of similar weight or heavier than rescuer

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3. The Cradle
• Light-weight casualties
or children

4. The Pick-a-back
• Casualty is able to hang on
• Will not lose consciousness

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5. Backward drag
• Casualty is too heavy to be lifted

6. The Human Crutch

• Casualty can walk with
assistance

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Practical

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 Emergency Methods of Casualty
Evacuation from Surface Area

2-Man Operations
1. Double Human Crutch
• Casualty can walk with assistance

2. The Fore & Aft

• Casualty is unable to12 walk
 3. 2-Handed Seat

• Casualty need to be carried rather than dragged

• Casualty’s weight beyond the capability of 1 rescuer
4. 3-Handed Seat

• Useful when rescuer needs a free hand

• Can support casualty’s injured leg13
 5. 4-Handed Seat

 Casualty needs to be carried rather than dragged

 Casualty’s weight beyond the capability of 1 person
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Practical

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 CONCLUSION
1. Rescuing of casualties may be conducted under any
conceivably adverse conditions.
2. Methods employed will depend location and type of injury
sustained.
3. Remember objective of rescue operations is to save and
prevent further loss of lives.
4. Speed is essential, but must be consistent with safety and
proper handling of casualties.
5. Ensure personal safety, as accidents and injuries to
rescuers may jeopardise the whole operations.

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