Flat Belts Drives

INTRODUCTION & Objectives

Power transmission devices are very commonly used to transmit power from one
shaft to another by Belts, chains and gears.

After studying this unit, you should be able to:

 understand power transmission drives,
 understand law of belting,
 determine power transmitted by belt drive
 determine dimensions of belt for given power to be transmitted,
 understand kinematics of chain drive.
 POWER TRANSMISSION DRIVES

• The distance between the shafts is large, then belts or ropes are used.

• For intermediate distance chains can be used.

• For short distances Gear drives are used.

 Flat Belt Drives

• The belts drives with friction between the belt and pulley used to
transmit power from one shaft to another.

• Pulleys may rotate at the same speed or at different speeds.

 Flat Belt Drives
Classification:

1. The belt drives are classified based on belt speed:

 Light drives - Up to 10 m/s as in agricultural & small machine tools.
 Medium drives - over 10 m/s but up to 22 m/s in machine tools.
 Heavy drives - Above 22 m/s as in compressors and generators.
 Flat Belt Drives
Classification:
2. The belt drives are classified based on structure of belt cross section :
a) Flat belt. b) V- belt. c)Circular belt or rope
 Flat Belt Drives
Classification:
3. The belt drives are classified based on construction of belt drive :
a) Open belt drive. b) Crossed or twist belt drive

c) Quarter turn belt drive. d) Belt drive with idler pulleys.

 Flat Belt Drives
Velocity Ratio of a Belt Drive:
 velocity ratio
 When thickness of the belt (t) is considered,

 In case of a compound belt drive

 When Slip and thickness considered , the belt drive velocity ratio

 The belt with effect of creep

 Flat Belt Drives
Contents:
1. Length of an Open Belt Drive and Cross Belt Drive.
2. Power Transmitted by a Belt and Condition for the Transmission
of Maximum Power.
3. Ratio of Driving Tensions for Flat Belt Drive.
4. Centrifugal Tension and Maximum Tension in the Belt.
5. Initial Tension in the Belt.
 Flat Belt Drives
1. Length of an Open Belt Drive and Cross Belt Drive.
 Flat Belt Drives
Contents:
1. Length of an Open Belt Drive and Cross Belt Drive.
2. Power Transmitted by a Belt and Condition for the Transmission
of Maximum Power.
3. Ratio of Driving Tensions for Flat Belt Drive.
4. Centrifugal Tension and Maximum Tension in the Belt.
5. Initial Tension in the Belt.
 Flat Belt Drives
2. Power Transmitted by a Belt and Condition for the Transmission
of Maximum Power.
Pulleys for Flat Belts
 Pulleys for Flat Belts

The pulleys are used to transmit power from one shaft to

another by means of flat belts, V-belts or ropes.
 Pulleys for Flat Belts
• The pulleys may be made of cast iron, cast steel or pressed steel,
wood and paper.
• The cast materials should have good friction and wear
characteristics.
• The pulleys made of pressed steel are lighter than cast pulleys,
 Pulleys for Flat Belts
Types of Pulleys for Flat Belts
types of pulleys for flat belts :
1. Cast iron pulleys
2. Steel pulleys,
3. Wooden pulleys,
4. Paper pulleys,
5. Fast and loose pulleys.
Solid cast iron pulleys Fast and loose pulley Split cast iron pulley
Design of Cast Iron Pulleys

Arms

Shaft
Hub
 Design of Cast Iron Pulleys
1. Dimensions of pulley:
a) The diameter of the pulley (D) obtained either from velocity
ratio consideration or centrifugal stress consideration.
 Design of Cast Iron Pulleys
b) width of the pulley or face of the pulley (B)

c) The thickness of the pulley rim (t)

 Design of Cast Iron Pulleys
2. Dimensions of arms
a) The number of arms may be taken as 4 for pulley diameter from 200 mm
to 600 mm and 6 for diameter from 600 mm to 1500 mm.
b) The cross-section of the arms is usually elliptical with major axis (a1)
equal to twice the minor axis (b1).
 Design of Cast Iron Pulleys

c) The arms are tapered from hub to rim. The taper is usually 1/48 to 1/32.
d) When the width of the pulley exceeds the diameter of the pulley, then two
rows of arms are provided
 Design of Cast Iron Pulleys
3. Dimensions of hub
a) The diameter of the hub ( d1 ) in terms of shaft diameter ( d ) may be
fixed by the following relation :

b) The length of the hub

The minimum length of the hub is 2/3 B but it should not be more than
width of the pulley (B).
 Design of Cast Iron Pulleys
4. Diameter of Shaft
a) Diameter of Shaft
 Design of Cast Iron Pulleys
b) Dimensions of Key