STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

3. What is the mean level of knowledge

among respondents regarding breast cancer?
4. What is the mean level of knowledge
among respondents regarding breast self-
examination?
5. Is there a significant relationship between
the knowledge of breast cancer and breast
self-examination and the profile of the
respondents?
6.What recommendations and health
 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
• The Health Belief Model has been utilized.
The model stipulates that health-related
behavior is influenced by a person’s perception
of the threat posed by a health problem and by
the value associated with her action to reduce
that threat .
• According to the Health Belief Model scale, a
woman who perceives that she is susceptible to
breast cancer and that breast cancer is a serious
disease would be more likely to be
knowledgeable and perform regular breast
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Descriptive correlational research
Research Respondents
200 female bonafide high school students of CIT
University High School Department enrolled in
Grades 7-10 for the academic year 2016-2017.
Sampling Design
Convenience sampling method
Research Instrument
Standardized questionnaire on Breast Cancer and
Heredity Knowledge Scale (BCHK) and Breast
Self Examination
Statistical Treatment
 Research Procedure
• Approval from the High School
Principal to conduct this study was
secured
• Upon approval, the researchers then
explained the nature of this study and
the purpose for its conduction and
proceeds with the data gathering by
handing out questionnaires to the
respondents.
 RESULTS, FINDINGS AND
DISCUSSIONS
Table 1: Age of the High School
Students
Age Frequency Percentage
n = 200 (%)
12 years old 28 14.0
13 years old 43 21.5
14 years old 51 25.5
15 years old 48 24.0
16 years old 30 15.0
 Table 2 :Level of Education of
the Mother

Level of Education of Mother Frequency Percentage

n = 200 (%)
Post Graduate 42 21.0
College Graduate 67 33.5
College Level 29 14.5
High School Graduate 23 11.5
High School Level 31 15.5
Elementary Graduate 1 0.5
Elementary Level 1 0.5
No response 6 3.0
 Table 3: Family History of Breast
Cancer

History of Breast Cancer Frequency Percentage

n = 200 (%)
Yes 30 15.0

No 170 85.0
 Table 4: Common Sources of
Information
Regarding Breast Cancer

Sources of Information Frequency Percentage

(%)
Newspapers 45 22.5
Mother 83 41.5
TV/Radio 78 39.0
Healthcare Provider 40 20.0
HE lectures 24 12.0
Internet 99 49.5
 Table 5: Knowledge on Breast Cancer
Contents Yes (%) No (%) Don’t know Level Remar
(%) ks
Incidence and risks factors
Stress has been proven to cause breast cancer 72 (36%) 41(20.5 87 (43.5%) 0.37 Low
%)
Over a lifetime,1 out of 9 women will develop breast cancer 98 (49%) 30 72 (36%) 0.49 Low
(15%)
Women who are over 50 years of age are more likely to get breast cancer 64 (32%) 71(35.5 65 (32.5%) 0.32 Low
than younger women %)
Disease presentation and treatment
Swelling or enlargement of one breast may be a sign of breast cancer 110 21(10.5 69 (34.5%) 0.55 High
(55%) %)
Out of every 100 women diagnosed with breast cancer,75 are disease 50 (25%) 18 (9%) 132 (66%) 0.25 Low
free after 10 years
Chemotherapy is always used in treatment of breast cancer 96 (48%) 28 76 (38%) 0.50 Low
(14%)
Primary and secondary prevention
Women over the age of 40 should have mammograms at least every 2 80 (40%) 9 (4.5%) 111 (55.5%) 0.42 Low
years
Genetics
Ovarian cancer and breast cancer in the same family can be sign of 121 17 62 (31%) 0.61 High
hereditary breast cancer (60.5%) (8.5%)
A women whose mother was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 69 is 95 19 86 (43%) 0.48 Low
considered to be at high risk of breast cancer (47.5%) (9.5%)
Testing for breast cancer gene mutations can tell a women if she has 115 19 66 (33%) 0.59 High
breast cancer (57.5%) (9.5%)
Men cannot inherit breast cancer gene mutations 47 84 69 (34.5) 0.25 Low
(23.5%) (42%)
Grand Mean 0.44 Low
 Table 6: Knowledge on Breast Self-
Knowledge questions
examination True False Don’t Know Level Remarks
Breast self-examination should be done every month 94 (47%) 9 (4.5%) 97 (48.5%) 0.47 Low
Breast self-examination must be done between day 7 until day 10 37 17 (8.5%) 146 (73%) 0.19 Low
after menses (18.5%)
Breast self-examination should be done in front of a mirror 68 (34%) 49 (24.5%) 83 (41.5%) 0.34 Low
Undress until the waist when doing the Breast self-examination 88 (44%) 23 (11.5%) 89 (44.5%) 0.44 Low
Hands should be raised up alternately above the head when doing 89 17 (8.5%) 94 (47%) 0.45 Low
breast self-examination in front of the mirror (44.5%)
Breast self-examination should be done from front view only 44 (22%) 75 (37.5%) 81 (40.5%) 0.22 Low
Breast self-examination can be done in supine position 34 (17%) 21 (10.5%) 145 0.17 Low
Palpate in the right breast while left-sided lying when doing 55 15 (7.5%) 130 0.28 Low
breast self-examination (27.5%)
Use finger pulps to examine any lumps or thickening of the skin 93 14 (7%) 93 0.47 Low
(46.5%)
Breast self-examination can be done using the vertical strip and 66 (33%) 15 (7.5%) 119 0.33 Low
circular technique
Need to press on the nipple to check any unusual discharge 76 (38%) 26 (13%) 98 0.38 Low
Breast self-examination includes arm-pit examination to check for 98 (49%) 21 (10.5%) 81 (40.5%) 0.49 Low
any lump
Need to observe any unusual change in the shape and size of the 134 (67%) 15 (7.5%) 51 (25.5%) 0.67 High
breast
Retraction of the nipple is a warning sign that should be observed 85 10 (5%) 105 (52.5%) 0.43 Low
(42.5%)
Lump is the early sign for cancer 86 (43%) 9 (4.5%) 105 (52.5%) 0.43 Low
Grand Mean 0.38 Low
 Table 7: Relationship of the Profile and
the Respondents Knowledge of Breast
Cancer and Breast Self-examination
Profile Critical p- 𝟐 Decision Remarks
Value value Statistics on Ho

Age 9.488 0.046 9.686 Reject Ho There is

significant
relationship
Education of 14.067 0.003 21.567 Reject Ho There is
Mother significant
relationship
Family history 5.991 0.652 0.204 Accept Ho There is no
significant
relationship
 CONCLUSIONS
• Overall, findings of this study revealed
that high school students possessed
low level of knowledge on breast
cancer and breast self examination.
Despite the fact that their main source
of information is through internet,
probably they are just aware of the
existence of breast cancer but not
 Recommendations

• Nurses and physicians in the high school

clinics should design and implement
intensive health education program and
make more efforts to be sources of
information by conducting awareness
seminar on breast cancer and breast self-
examination not just on high school female
students but as well as to their mothers
• High School Department should
implement in their classroom teaching the
 HEALTH PROMOTION
PROGRAMS
Title of the Objectives Program Contents Time Frame People Involved
Program
“Fight Like A To heighten  Distribution of flyers To be Female high
Girl” knowledge on that consists of: conducted school students,
breast cancer  Important facts about every year High School
and breast self- breast cancer particularly Teachers, Clinic
examination  Animated feature that on the last Medical Staffs
shows steps in week of the
performing BSE month of
 Actual Demonstration October
of clinic nurses on the
proper steps in BSE
“Think Pink” To promote  Building a booth near Every Female high
breast cancer high school department October of school students,
awareness  Distribution of any the year High School
month symbols like pink Teachers, Clinic
ribbon, pen as Medical Staffs
recognition for breast
cancer awareness
month.
THANK YOU