PHYLUM

CHORDATA
• Phylum Chordata

• Chordates have a dorsal , hollow nerve cord.

• Are triploblastic coelomates.

• Metamerically segmented.

• Are bilaterally symmetrical.

• All chordates have post anal tail.

• Chordates are animals with a notochord. A notochord is a

slender,stiff but flexible rod-like cord of cells that provides the main
support for the organism's body during its embryonic stage.

• Have dorsal hollow nerve cord.

• Paired pharyngeal clefts.

 3 SUB PHYLUM

• 1. Subphylum Urochordata
example: sea squirt

• 2. Subphylum Cemichordata
example: acorn worm

• 3. Subphylum Cephalochordata
example: lancelet
 CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES
• Skin with placoid scales (tooth like)
.
• Cartilaginous skeleton

• Paired,flesh pectoral and pelvic fins. Asymmetric tail fin helps prevent
sinking

• Visceral clefts present as separate gill openings.

• 5 pairs of gills slits without gill cover

• No swim bladder

• No external ear

• Egg produced. Internal fertilisation

• Teeth evolved from scales and are arranged in rows embbed in the flesh.
Continuously replaced.
 Class Osteichthyes
• Skin with cycloid scales
• Bony skeleton
• Paired pectoral and pelvic fins supported by bony rays
to give better manoeuvrability. Symmetric tail fins
• Visceral clefts present as seperate gill openings but
covered by a bony flap. Four pairs.
• No external ear.
• Egg produced. External fertilisation.
 CLASS AMPHIBIA

• Soft,moist skin. No scales

• Bony skeleton

• Two pair or pentadactyl limbs.

• Visceral clefts present in aquatic larva only.

• No external ear.

• Egg produced. External fertilisation.

CLASS AMPHIBIAN
 CLASS REPTILIA
• Dry skin with horny scales

• Bony skeleton

• Two pairs of pentadactyl lims

• Have lungs to breathe

• No external ear

• Fertilised yolk eggs laid on land or eggs retained until

hatching.

• Eggs have leathery skin. Internal fertilisation

 CLASS AVES
• Skin bears with feather. Legs have scales.

• Bony skeleton

• Two pairs of pentadactyl limbs, front pair from wings

• Have lung to breathe

• No external ear

• Fertilised yolky eggs laid on land or eggs retained until hatching.

Egg in calcareous skin. Internal fertilisation

• Teeth lost. Beak developed.

 CLASS MAMALIA

• Skin bears with hair with two type of glands , sebaceous and sweat

• Bony skeleton

• Two pairs of pentadactyl limbs

• Have lung to breathe

• External ear

• Embryo develops in the mother. Mother has mammary glands which

produce milk for newborns.

• Driffent type of teeth for different functions.