Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Stevenson Chap 006
Stevenson Chap 006
Operations Management
William J. Stevenson
8th edition
6-2 Process Selection and Facility Layout
CHAPTER
6
Process Selection
and Facility Layout
Introduction
Process selection
Deciding on the way production of goods or
services will be organized
Major implications
Capacity planning
Layout of facilities
Equipment
Facilities and
Forecasting Capacity Equipment
Planning
Process
Technological Selection Work
Change Design
6-5 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Process Strategy
Process Selection
Variety
Batch
How much
Flexibility
What degree Job Shop Repetitive
Volume
Expected output
Continuous
6-7 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Process Types
Job shop
Small scale
Batch
Moderate volume
Repetitive/assembly line
High volumes of standardized goods or services
Continuous
Very high volumes of non-discrete goods
6-8 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Process Type
Job Shop Appliance repair Not
Emergency feasible
room
Batch Commercial
bakery
Classroom
Lecture
Repetitive Automotive
assembly
Automatic
carwash
Continuous Not Oil refinery
feasible Water purification
(flow)
6-9 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Dimension
Job variety Very High Moderate Low Very low
Process Very High Moderate Low Very low
flexibility
Automation
Automation
Facilities Layout
Inefficient operations
For Example: Changes in the design
High Cost of products or services
Bottlenecks
Accidents
The introduction of new
products or services
Safety hazards
6-15 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Changes in
environmental Changes in volume of
or other legal output or mix of
requirements products
Morale problems
Changes in methods
and equipment
6-16 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Product layouts
Process layouts
Fixed-Position layout
Combination layouts
6-17 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Product layout
Layout that uses standardized processing
operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-
volume flow
Process layout
Layout that can handle varied processing
requirements
Fixed Position layout
Layout in which the product or project remains
stationary, and workers, materials, and
equipment are moved as needed
6-18 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Product Layout
Figure 6.4
Raw
Station Station Station Station Finished
materials 1 2 3 4 item
or customer
Material Material Material Material
and/or and/or and/or and/or
labor labor labor labor
Labor specialization
In 1 2 3 4
Workers
Out 10 9 8 7
6-22 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Process Layout
Figure 6.7
Process Layout
(functional)
Product Layout
Figure 6.7 (cont’d)
Product Layout
(sequential)
Cellular Layouts
Cellular Production
Layout in which machines are grouped into a
cell that can process items that have similar
processing requirements
Group Technology
The grouping into part families of items with
similar design or manufacturing characteristics
6-27 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Office layouts
6-29 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Cycle Time
OT
Output capacity =
CT
OT
CT = cycle tim e =
D
6-32 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Determine the Minimum Number
of Workstations Required
(D)( t)
N =
OT
Precedence Diagram
Figure 6.10
c d e
0.7 min. 0.5 min. 0.2 min.
6-34 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Example 1 Solution
Revised
Time Assign Time Station
Workstation Remaining Eligible Task Remaining Idle Time
1 1.0 a, c a 0.9
0.9 c c 0.2
0.2 none - 0.2
2 1.0 b b 0.0 0.0
3 1.0 d d 0.5
0.5 e e 0.3 0.3
0.3 - - 0.5
6-36 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Example 2
0.8 0.6
c d f g h
1.0 0.4 0.3
6-39 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Solution to Example 2
a b e
f g h
c d
6-40 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Parallel Workstations
Bottleneck
60/hr. 60/hr.
1 min. 1 min. 1 min.
30/hr.
1 min. 30/hr.
Parallel Workstations
6-41 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Information Requirements:
1. List of departments
30
170 10
1 3 2
0
A B C
6-43 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Author’s note:
The following three slides are not in the 8e,
but I like to use them for alternate examples.
6-44 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Process Layout
Milling
Assembly
Grinding
& Test
Drilling Plating
Process Layout - work travels
to dedicated process centers
6-45 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Functional Layout
Heat Gear
-1111 Lathe Mill Drill -1111
treat cut
Heat
Assembly
222222222 Mill Drill Grind - 2222
treat
Heat
3333333333 Lathe Mill Grind - 3333
treat
Flexible Manufacturing
VD7
Process at Trek Bikes
6-48 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Location/Criteria
PS11
Guitar site location
6-49 Process Selection and Facility Layout
Process Overview
AB2
Aluminum tubing, suppliers at Hillerich & Bradsby