CIVILIZATIONS OF THE WORLD:

CIVILIZATION:
• Civilization means process of becoming civil.
• "Civilization" is often used as a synonym for the
broader term "culture”.
• it is a descriptive term for a
• complex agricultural and
• urban culture.
• its distinguished from other cultures by their
• high level of social complexity ,
• organization,
• diverse economic and cultural activities.
• Civilization is a network of cities emerged
from pre-urban culture
• It is the economic,political,cultural
interactions among people.
• Any organization is complex social system and
civilization is a large organization.
 CRITISM:
• ENVIRONMENTALISTS: criticize civilization is
exploitation of the environment
• KARL MARX: beginning of civilization is the
beginning of oppression and exploitation.
• RICHARD HEINBERG: civilization destroys
natural settings, habitats, and depletes
resources, also called “dominator culture.”
 ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS:
• Ancient Rome grew out of a small agricultural
community founded on the Italian Peninsula
as early as the 10th century BC. Located along
the Mediterranean Sea, it became one of the
largest empires in the ancient world.
• Roman civilization is often grouped into
"classical antiquity" with ancient Greece.
 ROMANS:
• GOVERNMENT: Romans choosed as one man
for their leader of the country.
• AGRICULTURE: All farmers grew wheat in
their fields.
• ARCHITECTURE: poor Romans had simple
house but rich had well decorated ones.
• RELIGILON: they believed in many gods n
goddesses n built many temples.
 ANCIENT GREECE:
Ancient Greece is the civilization belonging to
the period of Greek history lasting from the
Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC.
• It is considered to be a seminal culture n
provided foundation of western civilization.
 GREEKS:
• DEMOCRACY: upper, middle and lower.
• AGRICULTURE: they lived near sea and ate
many foods.
• RELIGION: they were polytheistic people
• ARCHITECTURE: all houses were of mud, walls
were made from stones, tiles n pebbles.
• HISTORY:
archaic,classical,helleinsteic,christianization.
 CHINESE CIVILIZATION:
• Chinese civilization originated along the
Yellow River and the Yangtze River
• The history of China can be found as early as
the Shang Dynasty.
• The origins of Chinese culture, literature and
philosophy, developed during the Zhou
Dynasty
 ANCIENT ERA:
• Neolithic:
• XIA:
• SHANG:
• ZHOU:
 ANCIENT JAPAN:
• The history of Japan comprises the history of
the islands of Japan .
• there is evidence that suggests people were
living on the islands of Japan since the upper
paleolithic period.
• The earliest-known pottery belongs to the
Jōmon period.
 ANCIENT ERA:
• KOFUN
• ASUKA
• NARA
• HEIN
 RUSSIAN CIVILIZATION:
• The history of Russia begins with that of the
East Slavs. The first East Slavic state, Kievan
Rus', adopted Christianity from the Byzantine
Empire in 988.
 ANCIENT ERA:
• EARLY EAST SLAVS:
• KEIVEN RUS:
• MONGOL INVASION:
 MAYA CIVILIZATION:
• It is a meso American civilization, established
during pre classic period.
• The Classic period (c. 250–900 AD) witnessed
the peak of large-scale construction and
urbanism.
• They developed an agriculturally intensive,
city-centered empire consisting of numerous
independent city-states.
 THE MAYA COLLAPSE:
• It was declined in 8th n 9th centuries.
• The reasons are : overpopulation, foreign
invasion, collapse of key trade routes,
environmental disaster, epidemic disease, and
climate change.

• Some scholars believed that

200 year drought led to the
collapse of Maya civilization.
 INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION:
• The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze
Age civilization (2600-1900 BC).
• It was centred mostly in the western part[1] of
the Indian Subcontinent, flourished around the
indus river basins
• It is also called harappan
Civilization.
 HARAPPA AND MOHEN-JO –
DARO:
• The civilization of the Indus River at Mohenjo-
Daro and Harappa arose at about 2500 -1500
• The cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were
built of fire-baked bricks.
• The people had much knowledge about
trade,arts,culture,religion,science and
language.
 THE LOST CIVILIZATIONS:
• There were many civilizations of the world
which are being lost and are found no more.
• The reason of it is unknown till today as there
is no evidence of how they were lost
• There are some of those civilizations:
1.ATLANTIS
2.MAYA
3.ANGOR WAT
• CLOVIS PEOPLE
• THE CHACHA POYA
• THE GONER
• THE MINOAN CULTURE
• HARAPPAN
• MEGALITH BUILDERS
• ROME
THANKS…..