Design of Earthquake Resistance

Steel Frame
Session 1
Steel Mechanincal profile
Steel cros section

Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel

1
Frame
 Steel Mechanical Profile

Tensile Test Specimen

A: Elastisc Limit
B: Yield limit (Fy)
C: Strain hardening
D: Ultimate Limit (Fu)
E: Fracture
F: Coreccted section Fracture
E = Elastic Modulus

Steel tension Stress-Strain Diagram

2 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Steel Classificatin (ASTM)
• Carbon Steel, Yield Stress: 210-280 MPa
•High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, Yield Stress:
280–490 MPa
•Heat-Treated Carbon and High-Strength
Low Alloy Steel, Yield Stress 322 –700 MPa
•Heat-Treated Constructional Alloy Steel,
Yield Stress 630 –700 MPa

3 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Steel Mecanical Properties
High strength steel (high carbon) For Various steel Strength
Modulus Elasticity relatively
Heat-Treated Constructional Alloy Steel constant
High treated carbon, low aloy steel
High strength low alloy steel
More Higth Strength = less
ductile
Mild steel (low carbon steel)
E = Elastic Modulus

Steel tension Stress-Strain Diagram

For Various Steel Quality

Steel Mechanical porperties:

Elasticity Modulus E = 200.000 Mpa
Shear Modulus : G = 80.000 Mpa
Poisoson number: μ = 0,3

4 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 4

 Indonesian Steel Strength Clasification
Steel Code Minimum Minimum Minimum
Ultimite Yield Stress Elongation
stress (Mpa) (%)
(Mpa)

BJ 34 340 210 22
BJ 37 370 240 20
BJ 41 410 250 18
BJ 50 500 290 16
BJ 55 550 410 13

5 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 5

 Steel Mecanical Properties
• Compression strength of steel (Fc)=Fy
tension
Compression strength of mild steel
≈ 240 Mpa
Compression strength of normal
concrete = 35 Mpa

Steel is 10x stronger than

compression cooncrete
P
While stress to force relation:  
A
With an equal load (P), while compression strength higher () so the ross section area
is reduced the volume reduce the strulcture selft weight reduced

Vulnerability: Due to the less cross section area of steel profile steel structure more slenders

6 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Buckling Due to Slenders Member

Slenderness INSTABILITY PROBLEM on compression

member/element

7 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Various Steel Section Profile
Name Section Profile Aplication

Equal Roof Truss

Angle Bridge Wind cross

IWF Beam

H Beam Colom
Compression memeber Bridge truss

C Canal Nonstructural (fence)

Roof Gording

8 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 8

 Various Steel Section Profile
Name Section Profile Aplication

UNP Roof Gording

Karakatau steel section & bar

9 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 9

 Steel section propeties
A : Gross Area Section (mm2)
Ix : momen inertia of strong axis (x) (mm4)
Flexural stiffnes
Iy : momen inertia of weak axis (y) (mm4)
rx : radius giration of strong axis (x) (mm) Lateral buckling
ry : Radius giraton of weak axis (y) (mm) stiffnes

I
𝑟=
𝐴
Sx : Section Modulus of strong axis (x) (mm3)
Sy : Section Modulus of weak axis (y) (mm3)
Zx : Plastic Modulus of strong axis (x) (mm3)
Zy : Plastic Modulus of weak axis (y) (mm3)

10 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 10

 Section Modulus (mm3)

  y
𝑀𝑦 𝐼
𝜎= 𝑀= 𝜎
Yt=1/2H I 𝑦

Garis netral

𝑀 = S𝜎
Yb=1/2H 𝐼
𝑠=
𝑦

  y

𝐼 2𝐼
𝑠= =
1/2𝐻 𝐻

11 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Plastic Modulus (mm3)
Mp = T x d
  y

Mp = Fy x A T x d
C
Garis netral Mp = Fy x Z
d
h H Z = AT x d
T

  y
M=Mp
B

12 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 12

 Plastic Modulus (mm3)
Mp = T x d
  y

Mp = Fy x A T x d
C
Garis netral Mp = Fy x Z
d
h H Z = AT x d
T

  y d = level arm from sectional center gravity

M=Mp of tension area to sectional center gravity
B compression area (mm)
AT = Area sectional of tension zone (mm2)
½d B  t f  ( 1 2 H  1 2t f )  1 2 h  t w  1 4 h
½h ½H d  2
B  t f  12 h  t w
A T = B x t f + tw x ½ h
B

13 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 13

 Stability of steel section
• The Steel section stability is must be consider escpecially for compresion
member (coloumn) and compression elemen (compression elemen on
beam)
The Stability of steel section profil are consist of:
On Compression member, the categories are:
Compact : Stable steel section profile
Non compact : Unstable steel section profile (easy to buckling)

On Flexure member the categories are:

Compact : Stable steel section profile
No compact : unstable steel section porfile
Slenders : most unstabel steel section

The stability parameter of steel section is

“the width to thick limits ratio”

14 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Stability of steel section
• Stiffned element Vs unstiffned elemen
– The present of stiffner on element is affected the
steel section stability. According to Indonesian
Standard the stiffned element difined as:
(SNI 1729:2015)

– Other wise the unstiffned element is define as:

(SNI 1729:2015)

15 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Stability of steel section
Flange

Stiffened
Web
web

Stiffened

Unstiffened
Unstiffened flange

16 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Width – thick limit ratio
compression member
SNI 1729:2015
< limit value

compact

b/t

> limit value

Non-compact

17 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Width – thick limit ratio
compression member
SNI 1729:2015
< limit value

compact

b/t

> limit value

Non-compact

18 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Width – thick limit ratio
Flexural member
SNI 1729:2015
< lp

compact

b/t lp <b/t< lr

Non-compact
> lr

slenders

19 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Width – thick limit ratio
Flexural member
SNI 1729:2015
< lp

compact

b/t lp <b/t< lr

Non-compact
> lr

slenders

20 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame