0o

Rotor Balancing

270 90o

180o Balancing 1
Balancing theory 0°

Rotor
Unbalance
Imbalance
Out-of-balance 270° 90°
Shaft

Centre of gravity
180°
not
in the shaft centre

Balancing 2
Balancing theory
Position?

Heavy spot
180°
Balancing
weight

Weight?
Questions:
a) Where is the heavy spot?
b) How much counter weight needed to trim?

Balancing 3
Balancing theory

Trial mass at 0° Mark 0° position

Heavy enough to 0°
affect vibration

To find the heavy spot, create an

artificial unbalance.
The 0° position can be anywhere convenient.
Balancing 4
Balancing theory
Find position and weight
0° Method 1:
4 runs, 3 with trial mass
V1
V0 204°
14 g
V3 V2

204°,
120°
240° 14 grams

Balancing 5
Balancing theory

0°
The 4 run method is
very safe.

All reference points

are on the rotor.

Disadvantage: it
takes more time
120°
240°

Balancing 6
Balancing theory
0°
Find position and weight
Method 2:
V0 2 runs, with trial mass at
0° on run 2.
V1 Angles
Weight

Trigger
pulse

Balancing with RPM measurement and

synchronised vibration measurement
Balancing 7
Balancing theory

Heavy
Weak direction: spot
The machine structure
allows greatest mobility Weak
Max. vibration value: direction
The heavy spot coincides
with the weak direction

To make sure, use

average of 5 readings

Balancing 8
Balancing theory

Synchronised measurement: 1485

Sampling starts on a trigger pulse, rpm
supplied by a proximity switch or
tachometer probe. Reflecting
tape
Each measurement starts
in the same rotor position.

RPM measurement:
Time for one rotation =
60 seconds / RPM Tacho
probe

Balancing 9
Balancing theory

Weakest direction
The tacho probe is part of Max. value
your reference system.

The second part is the

weakest direction of the Time Tm
machine structure.

Do not move the tacho probe

between measurements.
Trigger
pulse

Balancing 10
Balancing theory
1 period Frequency 1X
0.0404040404 s 24,75 Hz

max

Tm
1485
rpm
00 Time 1

90°

Timemax x 360°
Anglemax =
Period
Balancing 11
Balancing theory
Heavy spot at
a) RPM measurement: 1485 clock pulse

b) Period: 0.0404040404 s Heavy spot at

max amplitude
c) Trigger pulse: Time count starts

d) Max. value: 3.1 mm/s at 1X

e) Time to max. value: 0.012009 s

f) Heavy spot moved: 107°

107° Weakest
direction

0 Time 1
Balancing 12
Balancing theory
Weakest
direction
107°
Heavy spot at
max amplitude
Heavy spot at
trigger pulse
0 Time 1

328°

0 Time 1

Balancing 13
Balancing theory Trial mass
Zero point defined
0°

270° 90°

Same radius for

all weights 180°

Balancing 14
Balancing theory

0°
Weak
direction

Trigger

All angles referred to a common 0° position

Balancing 15
Balancing theory Trial mass:
Zero point defined
20 grams 0°
Known weight added
New heavy
point Balancing
V1 weight
270° 90°

V0
Heavy point

180°

Balancing 16
Balancing theory

Conditions for 2 run balancing:

Average of 5 measurements

Stable RPM

Stable trigger position

Balancing 17
Balancing theory
90°
Rotation
180°
107°
253°
0° Degrees
0 Time 1 270°

By default, Leonova counts degrees

in the rotation direction

270°

180° Rotation
107°

0° 253°
Degrees
90°
1 Time 0
Balancing 18
Balancing theory
Mark your rotor
0° accordingly 0°

90°
90° 270° 270° 90°

180° 180°

Leonova default Counter rotational degrees

Rotation Degrees Rotation Degrees

Balancing 19
Balancing theory
0° 0°
Heavy
side

240° 90° 240° 90°

Single
180°
weight 0°
180° Two
weights

240° 90°
Weight
removed
(drilling)
180° Balancing 20
Balancing theory

Heavy
side

Single Two
weight weights

Weight
removed
(drilling)
Balancing with
Trial mass in place
Balancing 21
Balancing theory

Single plane:
It can be assumed
that the mass is
centred in the
rotational plane

radial view axial view

Balancing 22
Balancing theory

Dual plane:
Each end of the rotor is regarded as a
vertical plane.
Both planes must be balanced interactively.

Balancing 23
Balancing theory
Single plane

Dual plane

Single or
dual plane
Balancing 24
Balancing theory
V
Measure on the
bearing housing(s):

H = horizontal A
V = vertical H and/or V should
be higher than A
A = axial
For balancing, measure
in the weakest direction
Balancing 25
Balancing theory

Balancing needed:
Symptom 1:
excessive RMS
vibration (yellow)

Vibration measuring points

Balancing 26
Balancing theory

Check the vibration level

Balancing 27
Balancing theory
Vibration spectrum

Balancing needed:
Symptom 2:
Dominant spectrum 1X Unbalance
line at 1X
1X: cpm = RPM
Hz = RPM
60

Balancing 28
Balancing theory
Misalignment

1X 2X
Loose parts

10X
1X 2X
Balancing 29
Balancing theory

Before you balance:

Check foundation

Tighten bolts
Align the machine

Clean rotor

Measure vibration again

Balancing 30
Balancing kit
Balancing
• Leonova Balancer
• Vibration transducer TRV-20
• Tachometer probe with holder,
reflecting tape
• Connecting box, second transducer

• Tape measure, marking pen

• Weights, scales
• Welding equipment
• Drill, bits, thread tap

Balancing 31
Balancing kit

Trial masses Welded balancing masses

Welding run: 0.5 g per 10 mm

Balancing 32
Balancing kit

Calculate balancing
weight

Balancing 33
Balancing kit
Settings under ”Tools”

General settings
• Counter rotational degrees
• Ounces (grams)

Rotational Counter rotational

0° 0°

+ 90°
+ 90°

Balancing 34
Balancing kit

Transducer sensitivity

Balancing 35
Balancing kit
Balancing

Alternatives in
Leonova
• single plane (4 runs)
• single plane (2 runs)
• dual plane
Program
selection

Balancing 36
Single plane , 4 runs 0°

Run 1: V0, no trial mass

Run 2: V1, trial mass at 0°

Run 3: V2, trial mass at 120° 240° 120°

Run 4: V3, trial mass at 240°

Conditions:
• Same RPM at every run
• Same trial mass at every run

Balancing 37
Single plane , 4 runs

The results from the

measurements (V0, V1, V2, V3)
are registered in Leonova.

Unit: mm/s RMS

Run Total 1X
V0: 6.8 4.9
V1 7.2 6.1
V2 8.6 6.9
V3 6.7 4.3

Balancing 38
Single plane , 4 runs

15 g 18 g

Check accuracy Split weight Move radially

Balancing 39
Single plane , 4 runs

256°

104°

Drilling position 1020 mm

20 g

104°

Weight position? Calculate arc

Balancing 40
Single plane , 4 runs

Sum of weights Hole seize

Balancing 41
Single plane , 2 runs

Basic data
• Measured RPM
• Measurement without test
weight, V0
• Calculated trial mass, Mt

• Measurement with trial mass, V1

The balancing weight and its position is
an optional input for the log file.

Balancing 42
Dual plane

Dual plane balancing is

almost the same as
single plane balancing.
The different is the
equation. For one plane
it consists of vectors, for
two planes of matrixes.
Each balancing weight
has influence in both
planes.

Balancing 43
Dual plane

V0 is measured
without trial mass.
Mount one transducer
in plane 1, or two
transducers in plane 1
and 2.
The phase angle is
related to the tacho
pulse.

Balancing 44
Dual plane

Measure V1 in both
planes, with the trial
mass mounted in
plane 1.

Balancing 45
Dual plane

Measure V1 in both
planes, with trial mass
mounted in plane 2.

Balancing 46
Dual plane

Trim weights for plane 1 and plane 2

Balancing 47
Dual plane

Use the trim run to

verify the result.
Displays corrective
values if there is any
unbalance left.

Use the trim run for verification.

One measurement.
Do not use trial mass

Balancing 48
Dual plane

Adjust trim weights to stated value for perfect result

Balancing 49
Dual plane

The balancing log can be stored as a file in Leonova

Log information, optional entry

Enter file name Balancing 50

Dual plane

The stored file is

showed as an icon
on the display.
The balancing work
can be recaptured
from the file.

Balancing 51