BLOOD

COLLECTION
 Objectives

Upon Successful completion of this presentation the

participant will be able to:
Differentiate Vein from Artery
Discuss patient education and assessment prior to
blood collection.
Determine the equipment and supplies prior to
sampling.
Describe procedural technique for safe sampling.
Describe how to avoid hemolysis.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
ARTERIES AND VEINS
 DOCUMENTATION
Adhere to and document the five “rights”
of
medication administration
 Right patient
 Right medication
 Right route
 Right amount
 Right time
 PATIENT EDUCATION

 Important to explain
 Procedural steps
 Expected duration
 Limitations and restrictions associated with
 procedure performance
 Anxiety can cause vasoconstriction making
 venipuncture more painful
 Information can ease patient’s fear and reduce
 discomfort of procedure
 PATIENT EDUCATION

Provide honest, factual, and appropriate

information
Be honest about pain that might be felt and
note that pain experience is different for
each patient
 PATIENT ASSESSMENT

 History of allergies
 Include food and medication allergies
 Used to determine potential for adverse
 reaction to contrast
 Current medications
 Some medications for diabetes interact
 adversely with contrast
 Surgical procedures
 Used to determine site for venipuncture
 Past and current disease processes
 BLOOD COLLECTION TOOLS

 Needles
 Syringes
 Tourniquet
 Iodine, Phisohex, or
 alcohol
 Tape/Tegaderm
 2X2 or 4X4 gauze
 Gloves
 Contrast
 Normal saline
 VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE

Wash hands Apply gloves

 VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE

1. Appropriate syringe and/or needle should be selected.

2. If multiple specimens are to be collected its better to use
butterfly needle.
VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE
 VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE
3. Tourniquet should be applied on the upper arm.
4. Sterilize puncture area with a spirit/alcohol swab and
allow it to dry.
5. Visualize and palpate the vein.
6. Don’t enter the vein directly and vertically.
Why?
Because there is more chance of puncturing the other side
of the venous wall by this way.
VENIPUNCTURE
7. DRAW BLOOD ACCORDING TO REQUIRED TESTS.
8. WITHDRAW THE NEEDLE. LOOSEN THE TOURNIQUET.
9. PRESS DOWN ON THE GAUZE, APPLYING ADEQUATE PRESSURE.
10. APPLY A PIECE OF BAND OR MEDI-PLAST.
11. DISPOSE OF CONTAMINATED MATERIAL IN DESIGNATED CONTAINER.
12. PUT BLOOD INTO A SUITABLE CONTAINER.
 ORDER OF DRAW:

1st. Blood Culture Tubes(Yellow-black stopper)

2nd Plain tube (Red stopper or SST)
3rd Coagulation tube (light blue stopper).

& the Last draw with Additive tubes in this order:

1. Heparin (Green stopper)
2. EDTA (Lavender stopper)
3. Oxalate/flouride (light gray stopper)
Note:
Tubes with anticoagulants/additives must be mixed
thoroughly with collected blood.
 PRECAUTIONS:
 Notes:
 • Additives preserve the specimen, prevent deterioration and coagulation,
or block action of certain enzymes in blood cells.
 • After the tube has been filled with blood, immediately invert the tube
several times to prevent coagulation.
• Tubes with anticoagulants should be gently and completely inverted (end
over end) 4 to 6 times after collection. This process ensures complete
mixing of anticoagulants with the blood sample and prevents clot
formation.
• Complete filling of this tube is essential to obtain accurate results.Some
evacuate tubes contains mark line , you must fill the tube into this mark
line.
 STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

 Always wear gloves  Wear gloves

 Keep needle sterile
 Use proper protective
equipment – PPE’s
 Remove tourniquet
 Wash hands after every
patient
 Dispose of equipment
properly

 Prior to removing needle

Never recap needles
 THE INTEGRITY OF THE SPECIMEN

 THE RIGHT PATIENT

 THE RIGHT CONTAINER
 THE RIGHT TIME
 USE CORRECT TECHNIQUE/SITE
 LABEL CORRECTLY AND COMPELETLY
 AVOID HEMOLYSIS
 WHAT ARE HEMOLYZED SPECIMENS?
Hemolysis occurs when the red cells are damaged during sample
collection causing them to rupture. Hemolyzed serum or plasma is pale
pink to red rather than the normal clear straw or pale yellow color.

Normal Hemolysed Normal Hemolysed

Normal Hemolysed
WHAT CAUSES A SPECIMEN TO BE HEMOLYZED

 Mixing tubes too vigorously

 Exposure to heat
 Using a needle with too small of a bore necessary for the
venipuncture
 Using too large a tube when using a butterfly needle
 Not allowing sufficient time for alcohol to dry on puncture
site
 Leaving the tourniquet on for longer than one minute
HOW CAN HEMOLYZED SPECIMENS BE PREVENTED?
 For routine collections, use a 20-22 gauge
needle
 Do not remove the needle from the vein with the
vacuum tube engaged
 Do not collect a specimen in a hematoma
 Do not centrifuge the specimen for a prolonged
period of time
 Draw the sample gently and evenly
 Allow the venipuncture site to dry after cleansing
 Use the largest bore needle that’s appropriate
 HOW CAN HEMOLYZED SPECIMENS BE
PREVENTED?
 Never draw blood through a hematoma
 Remove the tourniquet as early as possible to
decrease flow velocity and turbulence
 Do not remove the collection tube until full
 Ifusing a syringe, ensure the needle is fitted securely
to avoid frothing
 Ifusing a syringe, avoid drawing the plunger back too
forcibly
 When mixing is required, gentle inversion is adequate