PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING
module-2
CONTENTS:-

1.ALTERNATING QUANTITY’S AND RELATED TERMS

2.COMMON SIGNALS AND THEIR WAVEFORMS
3.RMS AND AVERAGE VALUE
4.FORM FACTOR AND PEAK FACTOR OF SINE WAVEFORM
5.IMPEDENCE OF SERIES CIRCUITS
(1).RESISTOR ONLY
(2).INDUCTOR ONLY
(3).CAPACITOR ONLY
(4).RL CIRCUIT
(5).RC CIRCUIT
(6).LCR CIRCUIT
6.PHASOR DIAGRAM
7.ACTIVE POWER
8.POWER FACTOR
9.POWER TRIANGLE
 Alternating quantity and related terms

Quantities like (current & voltage) which changes it’s

direction and magnitude w.r.t. time is known as
alternating quantities.

It is generated by rotating a coil in magnetic field or by

rotating
A magnetic field within a stationary coil.
 Electric current:

*The rate of flow of electrons through a cross section of

a conductor through a defined or closed path.

*reference current:-
Voltage:

*It is the work done by an electrone to cover the

distance between two terminals.

*reference voltage:-
Resistance:

*It is the the property of a substance due to which it

opposes the flow of electricity through it.it’s SI unit is
ohm.
R ∝ l/A or R = ρl/A
It depends upon following factors:
1.It depends upon length of conductor.
2.It is inversely proportional to area of conductor .
3.It depends upon the nature of material.
4.It depends upon temperature,it increases with
increase in temperature.
Conductivity:

 It is defined as the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.

 It’s SI unit is siemens/metre (S/m).

 σ=Gl/A

 Where G=conductance defined as the reciprocal of

resistance.
 Ohm’s law:

 The ratio of potential difference and current flowing

through a defined circuit is constant provided the
counductor’s temperature is constant.

V/I=constant=R

so,

V=IR
 Series and Parallel circuits

 Series circuits:-when in a circuit resistors are joined

together by end to end they are said to be connected
in series circuit.