Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple

Access
 Multi-user version of OFDM
 Multiple access is achieved by assigning

subsets of subcarriers to individual users

 Quality of Service (QoS) - control the data
rate and error probability.
 Broadband Wireless Access Systems.
 Combination of Frequency domain and Time

domain multiple access.

OFDM Mechanism
 Divides into multiple sub-signals
 Orthogonal Sub-carriers.
 IFFT at TX, FFT at RX.
OFDMA Mechanism
 Time & Frequency recourses separate the

multiple user signal.

 Different groups of sub-carriers and OFDM

symbols.
 Allocation in Frequency domain.
 Formation of the sub-channels from sub-

carriers.
 Adjacent sub-carrier method (ASM) &

Diversity sub-carrier method (DSM).

 Time for ASM & DSM - Multiple of OFDM

symbols.
 Various flavors of OFDMA.
 Concept of Sub-channelization allows four

variations:
◦ Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM).

Figure. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

Spacing is put between two adjacent sub-carriers
o Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM).

Figure. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

Sub-carriers are closely spaced until overlap
 Difference b/w OFDM & OFDMA

Figure. Uplink Subchannelization in WiMAX

 OFDM - only one SC transmits in one time slot.

 OFDMA - several SC's transmitted at the same
time slot over several sub-channels
o Scalable OFDMA (sOFDMA)
 Adds scalability.
 Reduces system complexity of smaller channels &
improves performance of wider channels.

o Flash-OFDM
 1st commercially deployed OFDMA-based mobile
broadband wireless communications system.
 Capability to work around interfering signals.
 One of the best solutions for mobile
devices.
 Spectral efficiency
 Power
 Shorter delays
 Collision avoidance
 WIMAX, IEEE 802.16e
 Wi-Fi connectivity
 Data telecommunication
 Portability and mobility
 Last Mile broadband access
 4G Wireless Systems
 For mobile devices
 Faster than 3G (Downlink 100 Mbps, Uplink 50 Mbps)
Service Abbrev Definition Typical Applications

Real-time data streams comprising fixed-size data

Unsolicited Grant Service UGS T1/E1 transport
packets issued at periodic intervals

Extended Real-time Polling Real-time service flows that generate variable-sized

ertPS VoIP
Service data packets on a periodic basis

Real-time data streams comprising variable-sized

Real-time Polling Service rtPS data packets that are issued at periodic MPEG Video
intervals

Delay-tolerant data streams comprising variable-

FTP with guaranteed
Non-real-time Polling Service nrtPS sized data packets for which a minimum data
minimum throughput
rate is required

Data streams for which no minimum service level

Best Effort BE is required and therefore may be handled on a HTTP
space-available basis
GROUP MEMBERS:

Anas Al-Kalaji 246524

Tariq Al-Hindi 256019
Umair Alim 259841
Syed R. Hussaini 280368