CLARIFIER DESIGN

PRESENTED BY INYO

IN-HOUSE TRAINING CEMARA SIKO ENGINEEING INDONESIA

JUNE 2006
INTRODUCTION

 Dewatering is separation of mixtures of solids and

water into two parts, one of which is relatively solid-
free, and others relatively liquid-free, with respect to
the original mixtures.

 One of dewatering process is sedimentation or

thickening. In general, sedimentation is defined as
movement of solid particles through a fluid, due to
an imposed force which may be gravitational,
centrifugal, or some other force, those solids having
a higher specific gravity than fluid will tend to settle,
and those with a lower specific gravity will tend to
rise.
 Sedimentation process is conducted on a large scale
equipment call thickener or clarifier.

 Called Clarifier if:

Main purposed or the operation is to produce an
effluent stream with low suspended solid.

 Called Thickener if:

Major concern is the production of a concentrated
suspension.
CLARIFIER CONSTRUCTION
MIX TANK
RAKE

SHELL

DRIVE UNIT

BRIDGE
FEED WELL
STAIR
BASIC DESIGN OF CLARIFIER

LABORATORY TEST
Particle Size, Liquid
Viscosity, Densities,
Particle
Characteristic, CALCULATE
Settling Velocity,
Detention Time, etc Settling Area,
Settling Depth,
Rake Motor Cap,
Drive Unit, etc
DETERMINE
Capacity, Rake
Speed, Control
System
CLARIFIER CALCULATION
DESIGN INPUT :

CLARIFIER FOR HUKO-HOKO FeNi3 PLANT

DETENTION TIME : 2.5 hr
SETTLING SPEED : 2 m/hr
CAPACITY : 400 m3/hr

DESIGN CALCULATION :

CLARIFIER DIMENSIONS

• CLARIFIER VOLUME = CAPACITY X DETENTION TIME

= 400 m3/hr X 2.5 hr
= 1000 m3

• CLARIFIER AREA = CAPACITY / SETTLING SPEED

= 400 m3/hr / 2 m/hr
= 200 m2 ~ 16 m diameter

• CLARIFIER DEPTH = CLARIFIER VOLUME / CLARIFIER AREA

= 1000 m3 / 200 m2
= 5m
MOTOR CALCULATION

• RAKE ROTATION
RAKE SPEED : 6 m/min (6 ~ 7 m/min, PERRY, CHEMICAL ENGINEERS HANDBOOK )
N = RAKE SPEED / (  X CLARIFIER DIA )
= 6 m/min / (  X 16 m )
= 0.12 rpm ~ TAKE 0.15 rpm ( as selected DRIVE UNIT rotation )

• POWER CALCULATION ( PEAVY, ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING )

Rake Length = 7300 mm X 2 sets
Scrapper Dimension = 200 mm W X 800 mm L X 11 sets X 2 sets
For Torque Calculation Scrapper Modeling into
200 mm W X 7000 mm L X 2 sets ( attachment - 1 )
Scrapper Depth = 5m
Assumed Water Properties at 20oC ( attachment - 2 )

Drag Force on Scrapper

D = C X A X  X ( V2 / 2 )
where, C = Drag Coefficient 1.8 for flat blades
A = Area of Blades ( m2 )
 = Water Density ( kg / m3 )
V = Rake Relative Speed ( m / s ) ~ 0.75 X Rake Speed
so, D = 1.8 X 2.8 m2 X 998.2 kg/m3 X ( 0.0752 m/s / 2 )
= 14.14 N
 Velocity Gradients
G =  ( D X V ) / ( vol X  )
=  (( 14.14 N X 0.075 m/s ) / ( 1000 m3 X ( 1.002 X 10-3 N.s/m2 ))
= 1.03 s-1

Power
P = ( G2 X vol X  )
= (( 1.03 s-1 )2 X 1000 m3 X 1.002 X 10-3 N.s/m2 )
= 1.06 kW

Motor Power
Load factor 1.35 for 24 hr / day operation for agitator ( attachment - 3 )
thus, Motor Power = 1.06 kW X 1.35
= 1.43 kW ~ TAKE 1.5 kW

SHAFT CALCULATION

• REQUIRED TORQUE
T = ( 97376 X P ) / N
= ( 97376 x 1.5 kW ) / 0.15 rpm
= 973760 kg.cm ~ 9737.6 kg.m

• REQUIRED DIAMETER
Solid Shaft
d = (( 16 X T ) / (  X Ss ))1/3
= (( 16 X 973760 kg.cm ) / (  X 1700 kg/cm2 ))1/3
= 14.3 cm ~ TAKE 15 cm = 150 mm
 Polar moment inertia of solid shaft
IS = (  X d4 ) / 32
= (  X 154 ) / 32
= 4970.09 cm4

Hollow Shaft
Find Hollow shaft with polar moment inertia  solid shaft
Use 200A STPG sch 80 ( OD 21.63 cm, ID 19.09 cm), hence :
IH =  X ( D4 – d4 ) / 32
=  X ( 21.634 - 19.094 ) / 32
= 8451.1 cm4
Check Polar IH > IS OK !!!

DRIVE UNIT

Cyclo Motor Ratio 1.5 kW, R 1/5, 4P Out put torque 38.2 kg.m ( attachment - 4 &5 )
Sprocket & Chain connection 2 sets, 26T ( attachment - 6 )
Worm Gear Reducer Ratio 1/200 (attachment - 7 & 8 )
Hence Rotation N = 1450 X ( 1 / 51 ) X ( 1 / 200 )
= 0.15 rpm
Check Total Output torque
T = 38.2 X 51 X 200
= 389640 kg.m > 9737.6 kg.m OK !!!
REFERENCE

RONALD L
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WATER AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT

HOWARD S. PEAVY
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

REYNOLDS
UNIT OPERATIONS AND PROCESSES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

ROBERT H. PERRY
CHEMICAL ENGINEERS’S HANDBOOK

TYLER G. HICKS
HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATION

CEMARA SIKO ENGINEERING

INHOUSE TRAINING