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    Lecture 8

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    The .htaccess file provides the ability to customize directory-level configuration for HTTP requests. It contains directives that apply to the specific directory and subdirectories. Common uses include security, customized error responses, redirects, and cache control. CGI programs allow dynamic content generation. The web server collects requests and input, runs the program, collects output, adds headers, and sends the response to the client. Implicit objects like request and response provide data about the request and generate responses. Maintaining state across multiple pages is challenging with HTTP's stateless nature.

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    Lecture 8

    Uploaded by

    bilbatori
    8 views11 pages
    The .htaccess file provides the ability to customize directory-level configuration for HTTP requests. It contains directives that apply to the specific directory and subdirectories. Common uses include security, customized error responses, redirects, and cache control. CGI programs allow dynamic content generation. The web server collects requests and input, runs the program, collects output, adds headers, and sends the response to the client. Implicit objects like request and response provide data about the request and generate responses. Maintaining state across multiple pages is challenging with HTTP's stateless nature.

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    The .htaccess file provides the ability to customize directory-level configuration for HTTP requests. It contains directives that apply to the specific directory and subdirectories. Common uses include security, customized error responses, redirects, and cache control. CGI programs allow dynamic content generation. The web server collects requests and input, runs the program, collects output, adds headers, and sends the response to the client. Implicit objects like request and response provide data about the request and generate responses. Maintaining state across multiple pages is challenging with HTTP's stateless nature.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    8 views11 pages

    Lecture 8

    Uploaded by

    bilbatori
    The .htaccess file provides the ability to customize directory-level configuration for HTTP requests. It contains directives that apply to the specific directory and subdirectories. Common uses include security, customized error responses, redirects, and cache control. CGI programs allow dynamic content generation. The web server collects requests and input, runs the program, collects output, adds headers, and sends the response to the client. Implicit objects like request and response provide data about the request and generate responses. Maintaining state across multiple pages is challenging with HTTP's stateless nature.

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    of 11

    Web Programming

    Lecture 8

    1
    .htaccess File
    Web Programming – Fall 2010

     It provides the ability to customize for


    requests to a particular directory
     The directives in the .htaccess file apply to
    that directory and all subdirectories
     Why does this start with a dot?
     In several web servers .htaccess is the
    default name of directory-level
    configuration files.
    .htaccess File
    Web Programming – Fall 2010

     Common Usage:
     Security
     Customized error responses (e.g. 404)
     Redirects
     CacheControl: control user agent caching to
    reduce bandwidth usage, server load etc.
     Most commands in htaccess are meant to be
    placed on one line. Turn off word-wrap

    3
    .htaccess
    Web Programming – Fall 2010

     Redirect /olddirectory/oldfile.html
    http://yoursite.com/newdirectory/newfile.html
     ErrorDocument 404 /errors/notfound.html
     IndexIgnore *
     IndexIgnore *.gif *.jpg
     order allow,deny

    deny from 123.45.6.7


    deny from 012.34.5.
    allow from all
     www.javascriptkit.com/howto/htaccess.shtml
     http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/howto/htaccess.html

    4
    CGI
    Web Programming – Fall 2010

     Request is collected by the web server


     The corresponding program is called
     Input is sent through QUERY_STRING
     Output from the program is collected by
    the Web server
     Headers are added by the Web server
     Output is sent to the client
    CGI
    Web Programming – Fall 2010

     Can be written in any language


     CGI is notoriously slow
     The program has to load into memory,
    execute, and then pass you the document
     Solutions?
     Keep the process in memory at all times !
     Perl, PHP, ASP, Cold Fusion, JSP
    Common Gateway Interface
    Web Programming – Fall 2010

    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;

    int main()
    {
    cout << "Content-Type:text/html"<<endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << "<html><body>";
    cout << "Hello";
    cout << "</body></html>";
    return 0;
    }
    CGI
    Web Programming – Fall 2010

    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstdio>
    using namespace std;

    int main()
    {
    cout << "Content-Type:text/html"<<endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << "<html><body>";
    cout << "You queried " << getenv("QUERY_STRING");
    cout << "</body></html>";
    return 0;
    }
    Implicit Objects
    Web Programming – Fall 2010

     Implicit objects are the objects which are


    provided to you by default
     Vary with language
     Take architecture into account
     Almost every language has similar
    methods
    Request and Response
    Web Programming – Fall 2010

     Request : GET and POST data


     Response: display result
     Response may or may not be an HTML
    page
     Equivalent objects (almost) exist in all
    scripting languages
    Navigation on Multiple Pages
    Web Programming – Fall 2010

     HTTP is a stateless protocol


     Each request is taken separately
     Users think of the web site as an application

    Login Check Mail

    Log Out

     How can we store a user’s state?

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