HOMEOSTASIS SISTEM

KARDIOVASKULER

Dr. dr. H. Busjra M. Nur MSc

Dept. Fisiologi
FKUI / FKK UMJ
 Homeostasis
mempertahankan
SISTEM TUBUH HOMEOSTASIS

dibutuhkan
membentuk

SEL
Tubuh manusia:
unit pengendali diri
 suhu inti
 denyut jantung
 tekanan darah
 kadar glukosa darah
 panjang dan tegangan otot rangka
dalam sikap tubuh dan gerakan
 dll.
 Jantung
Pembuluh Darah
Paru
Darah

System KVRD

nutrien, O2, H2O, electrolit

sisa metabolisme, CO2
panas
hormon

Sel
 Jantung

Pompa terpisah
Menghasilkan tekanan

Pembuluh Darah

Penyalur
Mengatur distribusi
Paru

Ventilasi
Pertukaran O2 – CO2
Imbangan asam-basa

Darah

Mediator O2 – CO2
Mekanisme pertahanan
 Systemic circulation

Pulmonary circulation
 Cardiac Output
 Amount of blood ejected from the ventricle in
1 minute
 Factors affecting C.O.:
 Physical exercise
 Stress
  Body / ambient temperature
 Pregnancy
 Post-prandial
 Residual volume:
 Volume of blood left in the ventricle after
ventricular contraction (reserve volume)
 Cardiac Output

Heart Rate Stroke Volume Ventricular

contractility
Parasympathetic Sympathetic
stimulation stimulation Passive movement
End Diastolic Volume
of fluid from
Afterload intestine to plasma

Filling time Ventr. E-D pressure (Preload)

Water & salt
retention

Venous Return
Venous Valves Blood Volume

Negative pressure in Respiratory

the heart Pump
Short term regulation

Long term regulation Pressure exerted by Sympathetic Skeletal Muscle

contraction of the Vasoconstrictor Pump
heart Activity
 Regulation of heart contractility

Intrinsic Regulation Extrinsic Regulation

Change in muscle length

No change in muscle length
heterometric regulation
homometric regulation
Frank Starling Law

Autonomic regulation
End Diastolic Volume Hormones
Chemical substances
FrankStarling Curve
300

270

240

210 Systolic
intraventricular
Pressure (mmHg)

180
pressure
150
Optimal length
120

90
Diastolic
60
intraventricular
pressure
30

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Diastolic volume (mL)
 Parasympathetic stimulation

SA node AV node Atrium Myocardium

 permeability to
 AV delay  influx of Ca
K ion

 K efflux  impulse  Contractility

conduction
Dromotropic
Hyperpolarization negative
INOTROPIC
NEGATIVE ??
 heart rate
Chronotropic
negative
 Hypertension
Hypoxia
Fever
Pain
Exercise
Respiratory movement

Baroreceptor
Chemoreceptors
Thermo receptors
Surface receptors
Proprioceptors
Lungs stretch receptors

Intrinsic/Extrinsic
regulation
Central regulation
Humoral regulation
 Bainbridge Reflex
Rapid infusion of Atrial stretch
blood or saline receptors

Ascending fibers
of Vagal nerve

Cardio-inhibitory Cardio-accelerator
center center

Ascending fibers  Firing rate of Altered heart rate

of n.IX and n. X Baroreceptors &
Blood pressure
 Increased Blood Carotid/aortic
Pressure baroreceptors

Ascending fibers
of n. IX and n.X

Baroreceptor
Cardio-inhibitor
reflex center

Descending fibers
of Vagal nerve

Decrease heart rate

&
Blood pressure
 Decreased Blood Carotid/aortic
Pressure baroreceptors

Ascending fibers
of n. IX and n.X

Baroreceptor
Cardio-accelerator
reflex center

Sympathetic nerve

Increase heart rate

&
Blood pressure
 Carotid/aortic
 Pco2,  Po2, pH
chemoreceptors

Ascending fibers
of n. IX and n.X
Chemoreceptor
reflex Cardio-accelerator
center

Sympathetic nerve

Increase heart rate

&
Blood pressure