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  • What Is Carcinogenesis

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    Karina Julita
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    Carcinogenesis is the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. It is multifactorial and multistage, involving genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Carcinogens like chemicals, viruses, and radiation can cause mutations in genes that regulate cell growth and division, activating oncogenes and inactivating tumor suppressor genes. This leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and the formation of primary tumors, which may then spread to other areas of the body and form secondary tumors. The process is thought to occur in three phases - initiation, promotion, and progression.

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    Carcinogenesis is the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. It is multifactorial and multistage, involving genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Carcinogens like chemicals, viruses, and radiation can cause mutations in genes that regulate cell growth and division, activating oncogenes and inactivating tumor suppressor genes. This leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and the formation of primary tumors, which may then spread to other areas of the body and form secondary tumors. The process is thought to occur in three phases - initiation, promotion, and progression.

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    50 views10 pages

    What Is Carcinogenesis

    Uploaded by

    Karina Julita
    Carcinogenesis is the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. It is multifactorial and multistage, involving genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Carcinogens like chemicals, viruses, and radiation can cause mutations in genes that regulate cell growth and division, activating oncogenes and inactivating tumor suppressor genes. This leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and the formation of primary tumors, which may then spread to other areas of the body and form secondary tumors. The process is thought to occur in three phases - initiation, promotion, and progression.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    What Is Carcinogenesis?

    Karina J

    A process to form cancer cell


    Multifactorial
    Multistage
    Cause of Carcinogenesis?

    Endogen Exogen
    Genetic Carcinogen
    Mutation Chemicals
    Sex Hormone Virus
    Physics
    *there might be a chance that age, diet, inherit, continous
    stimulation, and trauma trigger carcinogenesis
    Cause of Carcinogenesis?

    Endogen Exogen
    Genetic Carcinogen
    Mutation Chemicals
    Sex Hormone Virus
    Physics
    *there might be a chance that age, diet, inherit, continous
    stimulation, and trauma trigger carcinogenesis
    Course of Cancer

    Primary Secondary
    Tumor Tumor
    Host
    Immune
    Defense
    Carcinogenesis

    Genetic Changes ??

    Activate MUTATION Inactivate


    Tumor Supressor
    Proto-oncogen Changes of DNA Gen
    Bases
    Oncogen-linked gen
    1. Proliferation and growth gen. Ex: HER2
    2. Tumor Supressor gen (antioncogen). Ex: p53
    3. Antiapoptosis gen. Ex: Bcl-2
    4. Antimetastasis gen. Ex: Nm H1
    5. Multidrug Resistence gen. Ex: Mdr1
    HER2
    Human Epidermal Growth-factor Receptor 2

    Coding epidermal growth factor receptor


    (descendant of tyrosin kinase)
    DIFFERENTIATION
    OF THE
    ADHESI
    MOTILITY CANCER CELL

    BreastOvary Prostate Colorectal Pancreas Gaster


    p53
    Antioncogen
    Short lengan chromosome 17th

    Induce DNA repair-enzymes

    Lead to the apoptosis (wild type)

    Regulator of cell cyclic (checkpoint)


    Theory of Carcinogenesis
    Phases

    Initiation Promotion Progression


    Rapid

    Neoplasma
     Invasi

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