Basic Mechanical Engineering

Experiment No 03

Lathe Machine
 Learning Objectives
• At the end of session student must be familiar
with;
– Concept of machine tools
– Lathe machine & its uses
– Functions of various parts of lathe machine
– Safety measures during operations on lathe
machine
– Cutting tools used on lathe machine
– Operations performed on lathe machine
 Machine Tool
• Machine Tool: A specific type of machine which gives desired size,
shape & finish to a raw material by removing the excess material
in the form of small chips
• Cutting Tool: A tool which removes the excess material through a
direct mechanical contact
• Machine tool provides the relative motion between the work
piece & cutting tool
• Metal cutting or Machining process: A method used for obtaining
the desired size, shape & finish to a raw material by removing the
excess material in the form of small chips
• Machine Tools: Lathe M/C, Drilling M/C, Grinding M/C, Milling
M/C, Shaper M/C etc.
 Lathe Machine
• Machine tool,
employed to
produce
circular objects
• It’s a metal
cutting
manufacturing
process
• Various
operations are
performed
 Lathe Machine Parts

Head Stock Three Jaw Chuck, with Key Tool Post

Tail-stock Carriage Lathe Bed

 Precautions on Lathe Machine
• Be ready with: Work specifications (Drawing), Raw material,
Tools, Instruments etc.
• Live center, dead center & tip of cutting tool must be in one
plane
• Work piece must be fixed firmly & centered correctly in
chuck
• Don’t forget to remove the chuck key
• Work is always rotated towards the operator
• Use the coolant
• Wear apron, shoes during operations
 Machining Terms
• Cutting Speed:
– The speed at which the cutting edge of tool machines the surface of work piece
– [V = πDN, m/min]
– As the diameter of work piece changes, the cutting speed also changes & is maximum
at outer diameter
• Cutting Feed or Feed:
– The rate at which cutting tool moves into the surface of work piece
• Depth of cut:
– The difference between uncut & cut surface
– The depth of cut is always measured at right angles to the feed direction of cutting tool
– [d = (D1-D2)/2]
• The quality of jobs produced depends on;
– Rotating speed
– Depth of cut
– Feed
 Cutting Tools
• Single or multipoint cutting tools
• Material: High speed stainless steel [HSS]
Operations on Lathe Machine

Turning Facing Chamfering

Operations on Lathe Machine

Grooving

Knurling

Parting off Threading

 Operations on Lathe Machine

Reaming

Drilling Boring
Forming Taper turning