How do people

travel in the
city?
 Why do they
travel in the
city?
Do the roads in
the city have
the same sizes?
 What makes the vehicles
travel smoothly throughout
the city without bumping
with one another?
CIRCULATOR
SYSTE
Y

M
• is the life support structure that
nourishes your cells with
nutrients from the food you eat
and oxygen from the air you
breathe.
• It can be compared to a complex
arrangement of highways, avenues
and lanes connecting all the cells
together into a neighborhood.
Consist of:

The Blood vessel Blood

Heart
 Functions:
1. Transports
gases,
nutrients,
wastes
2. Maintain water
Blood balance and pH
3. Carries
platelets for
4.Destroy foreign materials
5.Distributes antibodies clotting
for immunity
6.Regulates body temperatures
Plasma
• Yellowish portion of the
blood
• Composed of 90% water and
10% dissolved materials.
• contains water, salts,
enzymes, antibodies and
other proteins.
Erythrocytes ( Red blood cells or
RBC )
• Abundant type of blood
cells
• Delivers oxygen in the body
• Rich in hemoglobin, which
is the substance in blood
cells that are iron-
Erythrocytes ( Red blood cells or
RBC )
• Oxygen binds to RBCs via
hemoglobin.
• Mature red blood cells have
biconcave disks and lack
nucleus.
• Produced in the bone marrow
Leucocytes ( White blood cells or
WBC )
• are the cells of the immune
system that are involved in
protecting the body against
both infectious disease and
foreign invaders.
 FIV
DIFFERE
E
TYPES
NT
 Neutrophil
Targets bacteria
and fungi
 Eosinophil
Targets large
parasites and
modulates allergic
inflammatory responses
 Basophil
Releases histamines,
which are substances
for inflammatory
responses
 Lymphocyte
Two types: B-cells (release
antibodies) and T-cells
(under phagocytosis or the
process wherein a cell
engulfs a foreign body)
 Monocyte
Differentiates into
macrophages, which can
also perform
phagocytosis.
 Blood • the
vessel transport
highways of
the blood
Three types:
• Artery
• Capillary
• Vein
ARTERY
• it carries oxygen-rich
blood away from the
heart and into the
various organs of the
body.
CAPILLARY
• Smallest among the blood
vessels.
• its thin walls allow the
exchange of important
substances between the blood
and the tissues through
diffusion.
VEIN
• It carries deoxygenated blood
towards the heart.
• To move the blood back to the
heart, veins are
strategically located near
the skeletal muscles so that
contraction of the muscles
helps move the blood in these
HEART AND
FLOW OF
BLOOD
Pericardium is a
double-walled sac
containing the
heart and the roots
of the great
vessels. The
pericardial sac has
two layers, a
serous layer and a
fibrous layer. It
encloses the
pericardial cavity
Septum, which prevents the
mixing of oxygen-poor and
oxygen-rich blood.
Atrioventricular valves, These are the mitral
(bicuspid valve) and tricuspid valves, which
are situated between the atria and the
ventricles and prevent backflow from the
ventricles into the atria during systole.
Semilunar valves, are also found
before entering the pulmonary
artery. The aortic valve prevents the
backflow of the blood in aorta.
The beat is initiated
by the sinoatrial node
(SA node) or the
pacemaker.
The signal from the SA
node travels to the
atrioventricular node (AV
node), which is then sent
to the Purkinje fibers, causing
the heart to contract
following a rhythmic beat.
Vena Cava (Superior or Right atrium Tricuspid
inferior) valve

Pulmonary semilunar Right

artery valve ventricle

Pulmonary
lungs Left atrium
vein

Left Bicuspid
Aortic valve
ventricle valve

aorta body