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EMMALYN R.
OBRENCE
EMMALYN R. OBRENCE
ASTHMA
--IS THE INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF THE
AIRWAYS THAT CAUSES AIRWAY
HYPERRESPONSIVENESS,MUCASA,EDEMA, AND
MUCOSA PRODUCTION
3 MOST COMMON SYMPTOM
 COUGH
 DYSPNEA
 WHEEZING
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:
 An asthma attack is the episode in which bands of muscle
surrounding the airways are triggered to tighten. This tightening
is called bronchospasm. During the attack, the lining of the
airways becomes swollen or inflamed and the cells lining the
airways produce more and thicker mucus than normal.
 All of these factors -- bronchospasm, inflammation, and mucus
production -- cause symptoms such as difficulty breathing,
wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and difficulty performing
normal daily activities. Other symptoms of an asthma attack
include:
 Severe wheezing when breathing both in and out
 Coughing that won't stop
 Very rapid breathing
 Chest pain or pressure
 Tightened neck and chest muscles, called retractions
 Difficulty talking
 Feelings of anxiety or panic
 Pale, sweaty face
 Blue lips or fingernails
RISK FACTORS:
 GENETICS AND MOLECULAR ASPECT

 INNER CITY – ENVERONMENTS

 LIMITED COMMUNITY ASSESTS

 HEALTH CARE ACCESS

 DELIVERY

 LACK OF INSURANCE COVERAGE

 ALLERGY IS THE STRONGEST PREDISPOSIN
G FACTOR FOR ASTHMA.CHRONIC EXPOSURE
TO AIRWAY IRRITANTS OR ALLERGENS ALSO
INCREASE THE RISK OF ASTHMA.COMMON
ALLERGENS ALSO INCREASE THE RISK OF
ASTHMA.
COMMON ALERGENS CAN BE SEASONAL
(GRASS,TRESS,AND WEED POLLENS) OR
PERENNIAL(eg. MOLD
,DUST,ROACHES,ANIMAL BANDER,)
COMMON TREGGERS TO ASTHMA SYMPTOMS
ARE EXACERBATIONS INCLUDE AIRWAY
IRRITANTS:
 AIR POLLUTANS
 COLD
 HEAT
 WEATHER CHANGES
 STRONGS ODOR
 PERFUME
 SMOKE
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
 SERUM LEVEL OF Ige ELEVATED IF ALLERGY IS
PRESENT
 ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS AND PULSE OXIMETRY
REVEALED HYPOXEMIA DURING ATTACT
 HYPOCAPNIA AND RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
ARE PRESENT
 PaCO2 INCREASES
 ELEVATED LEVEL OF EOSINOPHILS
PREVENTION
 PATIENT WITH RECCURENT ASTHMA SHOULD
UNDREGO TEST TO IDENTIFY THE SUBSTANCE
THAT PRECIPATATE THE SYMPTOM.POSSIBLE
CAUSES ARE DUST,DUST
MITES,ROACHES,CERTAIN TYPES OF
CLOTH,PETS,HORSES,DETERGENTS,SOAPS,CE
ARTAIN FOODS,MOLDS AND POLENS.IF THE
ATTACT ARE SEASONAL,PIOLLENS CAN BE
STRONGLY SUSPECTED.PATIENT ARE
INSTRUCTED TO AVOID THE CAUSATIVE
AGENTS WHENEVER POSSIBLE.
COMPLICATION

 STATUS ASMATICUS
 RESPI FAILURE
 PNEUMONIA
 ATELECTASIS
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

QUICK- RELIEF MEDICATION

 SHORT ACTING BETA2-ADRENERGIC AGONIST

(VENTOLIN, ALBOTEROL)
 ANTICHOLINERGICS

LONG-ACTING MEDICATION
 CORTECOSTERIOD
 LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIERS(INHIBATOR)
 IMMUNOMODULATORS