RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND

QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES
SEMESTER – I
SYLLABUS
BLOCK – I :
Unit 1 : Research Process
Fundamentals of Research process ; Role
of Research in Business Decision Making ;
Types of Research ; Steps in Research process ;
classification of Research ; Contents of Research
Proposal ; Case Study : Research Proposal.
 SYLLABUS contd.

Unit 2 : Research Design

Fundamentals of Research Design :
Essentials of Research Design ;
Different Research Designs. Experiment
Design ; Writing the Research Report :
Categories of Reports, steps of Report
Writing, key elements,methods of
Report Writing,Formatting,Pilot-Test.
 SYLLABUS cont…
Unit 3 : Sampling
Sources of Market Data; Secondary
Data ; Survey Data ; Consumer Panel ;
T.V. Meters ; Statistical Sampling ;
Diaries in Social Research ; Internet as
a Source of Data ; Secondary Analysis;
Survey ; Questionnaire Design : Issues
in Questionnaire , Sample Questionnaire .
 SYLLABUS cont…
BLOCK – II
UNIT 4 : Data Grouping
Introduction to Data Grouping ; Frequency
Distribution ; Formation of Discrete Series ;
Formation of Continuous Series ; Graphic
Presentation of Data ; General Rules for
construction of Graphs ; Histogram ; Frequency
Polygon.
 SYLLABUS cont…
Unit 5 : Data Analysis
Measures of central value : Average ,
Types of Averages : Arithmetic Mean ,
Median , and Mode , Merits and
Demerits. Related Positional Measures:
Quartiles , Deciles and Percentiles.
Relation between A.M. ,Med. And Mode.
 SYLLABUS cont…
Data Analysis cont…
Measures of Dispersion : Range ,
Quartile Deviation , Mean Deviation ,
Standard Deviation , Coefficient of
Variation.
 SYLLABUS cont…
Unit 6 : Probability and Distributions
Fundamentals of Probability: Concept ,
Calculation ; Theorems : Addition , Multiplication
Conditional Probability. Theoretical Distributions :
Binomial , Poisson and Normal Distributions.
 SYLLABUS cont…
BLOCK – III
Unit 7 : Hypothesis Testing
Introduction to Hypothesis ; Types of Hypothesis ,
Testing of Hypothesis : Z – Test ,t –Test , F – Test.

Unit 8 : Correlation
Introduction to correlation ; Significance of
correlation ;Types of correlation ; coefficient of
correlation.
 SYLLABUS cont…
Unit 9 : Regression
Introduction to Regression ; Regression
equations ; Linear and Multiple Regressions;
Difference between Correlation and Regression;
Uses of Regression.
 SUGGESTED READING

Quantitative Methods for Business &

Economics. By: Mouhammed , PHI ,
2007,Edn.
Quantitative Techniques for Managerial
Decisions. By: A . Sharma, Macmillian,
2008 , Edn.
Quantitative Techniques for Decision
Making By: A. Sharma,HPH,2007,Edn.
Statistical Methods. By: S. P. Gupta,S.Chand
& Sons, 2008,Edn.
 SUGGESTED READING

Research Methodology . By : C . R . Kothari

Vikas Publishing House.
Research Methodology and Statistical
Methods. By : T . Subbi Reddy
Reliance Publishing House.
Research Methodology and Statistical
Techniques. By : Santosh Gupta ,
Deep and Deep Publication.
 SUGGESTED READING

Research Methodology. BY : V . P . Pandey ,

Himalaya Publication.
Research Methodology in Management .
By : Arbind and Desai , Ashish Publication
House.
 ** RESEARCH METHODOLOGY **
1 # INTRODUCTION[MEANING OF
RESEARCH]
 2 # Objectives of Research
 3 # Types of Research
 4 # Steps involved [ Stages ] in the
Research process
 5 # Significance of Research
 6 # Identification to Research
problems
 7 # Research design
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION :
# Research is expected to be something
original or piece of work that advances or
updates our knowledge.
# The domain of research problems must
be well specified and accurately defined.
Those research investigations whose
operational domain is not specified
always remain inconclusive.
# It is always advisable to select a smaller
area of investigation study it more
intensively. Micro- level analysis are more
precisely researchable than the macro
level studies.
INTRODUCTION [ MEANING OF
RESEARCH]

# Fred Kerlinger : “Research is an organized

enquiry designed and carried out to
provide information for solving problem”.
# Francis Rummel : “Research is careful
inquiry or examination to discover new
information or relationship and expand to
verify existing knowledge”.
# Robert Ross : “Research is essentially an
investigation ,a recording and analysis of
evidence for purpose of gaining
knowledge”.
INTRODUCTION[MEANING OF
RESEARCH ]

# C . C . Crawford : “Research is a systematic

and refined technique of thinking
employing specialized tools ,instruments ,
procedures in order to obtain a more
adequate solution of the problem than
would be possible under ordinary means.
It starts with a problem , collects data or
facts analyses them critically and
researches decisions based on the actual
evidence “.
 TO VERIFY AN OLD THEORY OR TO FIND A
NEW AREA OF KNOWLEDGE.
 TO DETERMINE THE FREQUENCY WITH WHICH

SOMETHING OCCURS.
 TO TEST A HYPOTHESIS OF A CAUSAL

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIABLES.

 VALIDATING OR REVALIDATING THE

ESTABLISHED TRUTH.
 TO ORGANIZE DATA IN QUANITATIVE TERMS.
 TYPES OF RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH ( PURE RESEARCH)

APPLIED RESEARCH

BASIC RESEARCH :
The Objectives for which business research
is conducted can differ between pure science or pure
discipline and management discipline.
The research which aims to establish some theory is known as
BASIC RESEARCH.
 BASIC RESEARCH
Basic research generally focuses on
understanding the phenomenon ,discovering
new area of knowledge ,interpret and establish
facts or principles in a specific discipline ,etc.

Eg. :
How the consumers react to the change in price of a
commodity.
How training and incentives influence the employee’s
productivity, etc.
 APPLIED RESEARCH
The research conducted for solving practical problems
with the use of theories is considered as APPLIED
RESEARCH. Applied research aims at investigation of
a specific problem and its solution. It applies various
theories and principles. It focuses more on
managerial problems and their solutions.
Eg.
Identifying the reasons for company’s sales reduction.
Building a new marketing strategy.
Although the objective and focus of both the
research forms differ ,there is not much difference
in the methods and tools of conducting a research.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
DEFINITION OF BUSINESS RESEARCH :
A systematic enquiry or an objective process
of collecting ,recording and analysing data
for the purpose of making business
decisions.
Thus , business research aims to help
enterprises to solve present management
problems or enable the organizations to
forecast and predict future market scenario.
 BUSINESS RESEARCH
SCOPE OF BUSINESS RESEARCH
Business research is used to solve
various management problems
faced by the enterprises.
Operational issues are the issues
related to the function of enterprise,
such as supply chain management,
inventory management, knowing
employees’ satisfaction and
motivation level , etc.
 BUSINESS RESEARCH
Market related problems include
analysis and predicting buyers’ and
competitors’ strategies and its
resultant effect on a company’s profit;
analysis of financial conditions ;
forecasting the return on investment.
etc.
PARAMETERS FOR UNDERTAKING BUSINESS
RESEARCH

Business research is required for

every management problem.
The parameters are :
Time constraint
Availability of data
Nature of decision
Benefits versus cost
PARAMETERS OF BUSINESS RESEARCH

Time constraint : A systematic enquiry in

research needs sufficient time and at times
business decisions have to be taken urgently
. Many managers take quick decisions based
on their prior experience or judgement .
However the reliability of such practices may
be doubtful. In such situations use of
research is quite essential.
PARAMETERS OF BUSINESS RESEARCH

Availability of data :
For any business research ,the various
types of data are required , such as
population data, sales data ,
investment data , salary data ,data on
inflation ,exchange rate data etc.
When these data not available
,research cannot be conducted.
PARAMETERS OF BUSINESS RESEARCH

Nature of Decision :
Certain decisions are taken in the day-to-day
business activities which do not possess
greater importance or they do not require
systematic data analysis . Thus , a routine
tactical decision that does not require a
substantial investment may not seem to
warrant a large amount of expenditure for
research.
PARAMETERS OF BUSINESS RESEARCH

Benefits versus Cost :

Business research activities involve both cost
and benefit to the organization. In the decision -
making process ,a manager should find the
alternatives of business research and then weigh
the value of each alternative against its cost.
Although a business research should be
considered as an investment , it should be
conducted if its return is higher than the cost
involved in conducting it.
 PURE RESEARCH
 APPLIED RESEARCH
 ACTION RESEARCH
 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
 CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH
 DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL
RESEARCH
 QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
PURE RESEARCH :
Pure research is also known as
basic ,theoretical or fundamental
research. It aims at finding out new
knowledge which has more or less
theoretical orientation and use.
In the field of academics such type
of research is treated as knowledge
for knowledge sake.
 APPLIED RESEARCH :
It aims at enriching the field of
application. Refers to scientific
study and research that seeks to
solve practical problems. Applied
research is used to find solutions
to everyday problems, cure illness,
and develop innovative
technologies.
 ACTION RESEARCH
Action research aims at solving
such business problems which
would show immediate utility. It is
used in solving such problems
which have already become the
part of the action plan. An action
research may be linked with a
project or a plant.
 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Empirical research is data based
research. It is experimental type
of research. Empirical research
can be defined as analysis based
on the observation of actual
practice for the purpose of
discovering the unknown or
testing a hypothesis. It involves
an investigator gathering data and
performing analysis to determine
the meaning of the data.
 CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH
It is related to abstract ideas or
theory. It is generally used by
philosophers and thinkers to
develop new concepts or to
reinterpret the existing ones.
DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL
RESEARCH
Descriptive research includes
surveys and fact finding enquires
of different kinds. The major
purpose of descriptive research is
description of the state of affairs
as it exists at present.
Descriptive research contd.
Descriptive research mainly seeks
to determine the answer to whom,
when , where ,and how type of
questions.
 ANALYTICAL RESEARCH
In analytical research the researcher
has to use facts or information
already available and analyse these
to make a critical evaluation of the
material.
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative research based on the
measurement of quantity or amount.
It is applicable to phenomena that
can be expressed in terms of
quantity.
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Qualitative research , on the other
hand is concerned with qualitative
phenomenon.
e.g. Motivation research attitude
or opinion research i.e. research
designed to find out how people
feel or what they think about a
particular subject or product or
institution is Qualitative research.
 4 # STAGES IN THE RESEARCH
PROCESS
 # 1. DEFINING THE PROBLEM
 # 2. PLANNING A RESEARCH DESIGN
 # 3. PLANNING A SAMPLE
 # 4. COLLECTION OF DATA
 # 5. ANALYSING THE DATA
 # 6. REPORT WRITING
 STAGES IN THE RESEARCH
PROCESS
## 1 . DEFINING THE PROBLEM
A problem well defined is a problem half solved.
Careful attention to problem definition allows the
researcher to set proper Research Objectives.
It should be noted that the initial stage is
problem discovery , rather than definition.
There are three basic techniques of discovering
insights and gaining a clear idea of the problem :
* Secondary Data
* Experience Survey
* Pilot Studies
 ## 2 . PLANNING THE
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research Design is a master plan specifying
the methods and procedures for
collecting and analyzing the needed
information. There are four basic design
techniques :
# Survey Technique
# Experiments
# Secondary Data
# Observation
# # 3 . PLANNING A SAMPLE

The question that must be asked is “ Who

is to be sampled ? ”. The answer to this
primary question requires the identification
of a target population, deciding the sample
size and how the sampling units are to be
selected. There are two sampling techniques :
** Probability Sampling
** Non – Probability Sampling
 PROBABILITY – SAMPLING
 # Simple Random Sampling (S.R.S.) or
Probability Sampling :
This is the processing of selecting a sample
from a population in such a way that each
and every unit of the population has an equal
and independent chance of being included
in the sample.
 e.g. (i) To select a random sample of 5 bags
of rice from a ship load containing 1000 bags.
(ii) To select randomly 15 words from a
dictionary.
 PROBABILITY – SAMPLING
 # Stratified sampling :
Stratified sampling is generally used when the
population is heterogeneous. In this method , the
population is first sub-divided in to several parts or
small groups called strata according to some relevant
characteristics so that each stratum is more or less
homogeneous. Each stratum is called a sub-population.
Then a small sample is selected from each stratum at
random. All the sub-samples combined together from
the stratified sample. The process of obtaining and
examining a stratified sample with a view to
estimating the characteristic of the population is
known as stratified sampling.
 PROBABILITY – SAMPLING
 # Systematic sampling or Quasi Random
Sampling :
This means forming the sample in some
systematic manner usually by taking items at
regular intervals. In this case , all the units of
the population are arranged in some order.If
the population size is finite , all the units are
first serially listed and arranged in order.Then
from the first 15 units , one unit is selected at
random. This unit and every Kth unit of the
serially listed population combined together
constitute a systematic sample. This type of
sampling is known as systematic sampling.
 PROBABILITY – SAMPLING
 # Multiple sampling :
In this method , the sampling procedure is carried out
in several stages. The population Is first divided in to
large groups called first stage units. These first stage
units are then divided into smaller groups called
second stage units and second stage units are divided
into third stage units and so on until we come to the
ultimate units or a sample of desired size. At first , a
sample of the first stage units is chosen by any
suitable method. Then a sample of second stage is
selected from each of the selected first stage units
and the process is repeated from stage to stage until
we reach the ultimate units.
 NON – PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
 # Purposive Sampling or Judgement
Sampling :
When the choice of the individual items of a sample
entirely depends on the decision i.e. individual
judgement of the investigator is called a purposive or
Judgement sampling. In this method , the members
constituting the sample are chosen not according to
some Definite scientific procedure , but according to
convenience and personal choice of the Individual who
selects the sample. Two or more such independent
purposive samples May give widely different estimates
of the same population. Purposive sampling is always
subject to some kind of bias, This method is suitable
when the sample is small.
 NON – PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
 # Quota Sampling :
In this method , the investigators are
assigned definite quotas according to certain
criteria. They are instructed to obtain the
required number of interviews to fill in each
quota. The interviewers select the individuals
i.e. sample items for interviews on their
personal judgement with in the quotas.Quota
sampling is type of judgement sampling. It is
cheap and easy , but it is open to various
types of errors and bias. This method is often
used in marketing research studies
 NON – PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
 # Cluster or Block sampling :
This method is useful when the population is
wisely dispersed and consists of an unequal
concentration of individual units. In this type
sampling we first form suitable Clusters or
blocks of units of higher concentration. Then
we survey all the units of some Clusters
selected by any suitable sampling method. It
is also called area sampling. This method is
not scientific as it is subject to personal bias.
Cluster sampling is used for geographical
studies of many kinds.
 # # 4 . DATA COLLECTION

There are two phases in Data

collection :
## Pre testing ## The main study
A pre testing phase , using a small sub-
sample , may decide whether the data
collection plan for the main study is an
appropriate procedure.
## 5. DATA PROCESSING AND
DATA ANALYSIS
Once the field work has been completed , the
data must be converted into format that will
answer the decision maker’s questions. Data
processing begins with editing and coding of
the data. Statistical analysis may range from
portraying a simple frequency distribution to
complex multivariate analysis.
 ## 6. CONCLUSIONS AND
REPORT PREPARATION
The research report should communicate the
research findings effectively. The written
report is not only a historical document that
will be a source of record for later usage ,
but also an aid for the Management for taking
decisions.
Management is not interested in detailed
reporting of the research design but wishes
only be good , if its findings are applied.
 5 # SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
 Research has important role in guiding social planning.
 Knowledge is a kind of power with which one can
foresee the implications of a particular phenomena.
 Research is charged with responsibility for effective
functioning of facts.
 It is a role of the researcher to effect constant
improvement in techniques of his trade.
 Research provides the basis for nearly all government
policies in the economic system,
 Research has its special significance in solving various
operational and planning problems of business and
industry.
 6 # IDENTIFICATION OF
RESEARCH PROBLEM
 1 # Identification of Research
problem
 2 # Selection of a problem
 3 # Formulation of a problem
 4 # Research Design
 5 # A Model Design
1# Identification of research problems:

 The selection of a topic for

research is a commitment of
one’s time and efforts in a
particular direction. There
should not be any haste in
deciding on the topic, nor in
defining its scope.
Identification of research problems:
 The selection of a suitable topic for
research is in many ways the most
difficult task. There are many pitfalls
to be avoided and there are many
persons who have failed to complete
their research, not because they were
lazy or badly organized, but because
their topic was not suitable for
research.
Identification of research problems:
 Probably the most common
mistake is to choose a topic
that is too large at the level at
which the person is studying
working; in their enthusiasm.
 Identification of research
problems:
 In specific problem – solving research , a research
is concerned with application of research methods
to find satisfactory solution to a pressing problem.
In a business there are numerous problems which
need solutions. As the resources are limited, it is
indispensable to identify only the important
problems.
 IDENIFICATION OF
RESEARCH PROBLEM
2 # Selection of a problem
A research problem rightly and rationally
selected helps the researchers to complete
the project within the prescribed time limit
and the budgeted amount. In selecting a
problem , researcher should take into
consideration the following factors :
# Researcher’s interest
# Topic of significance
# Researcher’s resources
# Novelty of the ideas
# Availability of data
# Benefits of the research
 3 # FORMULATION OF
A PROBLEM
Formulation of a research problem is
translating and transforming the selected
problem in to a scientific research question.
Proper formulation of the problem
i ) provides a sense of direction to the
research
ii) Specifies the scope of the Research
iii) Indicates the limitation of the Research
iv) Clarifies the problem
v) Establishes the major assumptions
vi) Provides Economy in Research
 Steps in formulation :

 Developing a little
 Working of conceptual model

 Defining the objectives

 Limiting the scope

 Formulation of hypothesis

 Operational definition of

concepts
 Research design :

 A research design is a plan of

action. It is a plan for collecting
and analyzing , data in an
economic efficient and relevant
manner. It is blue print and its
best only tentative.
 Research design :

 Miller has defined 1# Designed research as “

The planned sequence of the entire process
involved in conducting a research study ”.
 According to Selltiz and others 2 # “ Research
design is a catalogue of the various phases
and facts relating to the formulation of a
research effort. It is an arrangement of the
essential conditions for collection and
analysis of data in a form that aims to
combine relevance to research purpose with
economy in the procedure”.
 Research design :

 3 # A research design designates the

logical manner in which in individuals
or other units are compared and
analysed , it is the basis of making
interpretations from the data.
 4 # Research design is the plan ,
structure and strategy of investigation
conceived so to obtain answers to
research questions and control
variable.
 Research Design
RESEARCH DESIGN Includes the
following points :
The over all plan of the study
Variables to be included
Expected relationships between
these variables (hypothesis)
Methods of data collection and
Methods of data analysis
 Components of Research Design

Research design consists of the

following components :
 Title of the study
 Statement of the problem
 Review or Previous Studies
 Definition of Concept or Theoretical
Principles involved if any
 Coverage and the scope of the study
 Objective of the study
 Components of Research Design

 Formulation of hypothesis
 Methods of investigation
 Sampling design
 Constructing of Schedule or
Questionnaire
 Data collection
 Analysis of Data
 Interpretation of Results
 Reporting the Findings
 Data collection Methodology :

 Sources of data :
1 # Primary data 2 # Secondary data
 Definition of primary data : This is first hand
and original data. This is collected for the
first time by the investigator himself. Primary
data are collected for a specific purpose.
 Definition of Secondary data : Those data
which are collected by some one else and not
original (or fresh) and not first hand are called
secondary data. Secondary data are
compiled but not collected.
 Differences between Primary and
Secondary data
1# Fresh or original 1# Not fresh or not
in nature. original.
2 # Collected for the 2# This is compiled
first time by the and second hand
investigator. data.
3# Collected for a 3# Collected for
specific purpose. some other purpose.
e.g.for administrative
purpose, for research
use etc.
 Differences between Primary and
Secondary data
4# Time consuming 4# Time saving and
and more expensive. less expensive.

5# More accurate. 5# Less accurate.

 Methods of collecting Primary data :
 # Direct personal interview
 # Indirect oral interview
 # Information from
correspondents
 # Mailed questionnaire
 # Direct personal interview :

 Under this method of collecting data, there is a

face – to face contact with the persons from
whom the information is to be obtained (known
as informants). Many types of data required by
the social scientists as evidence in research
can be obtained through direct observations.
The interviewer asks them questions
pertaining to the survey and collects the
desired information. Thus, if a person wants to
collect data about the working conditions of
the workers of the Birla Textile Mill, he would
go to the mill, contact workers and obtain the
desired information. The information thus
obtained is first-hand or original in character.
 # Direct personal interview :

 Suitability: This method is

suitable for intensive rather than
extensive field surveys. Hence, it
should be used only in those
cases where intensive study of a
limited area is desired.
 # Indirect oral interview:
 Under this method of collecting data,
the investigator contacts the third
parties called witnesses capable of
supplying the necessary information.
The method is generally adopted in
those cases where the information to
be obtained is of a complex nature and
the informants are not inclined to
respond if approached directly, for
example, in an enquiry regarding
addiction to drugs, alcohol, in fire
cases etc.
 # Indirect oral interview:
 Suitability: This method is
suitable in such cases where
indirect sources of information
are required to be tapped either
because direct sources do not
exist or cannot be relied upon or
would be reluctant to part with
the desired information.
# Information from correspondents:
 Under this method, the investigator appoints
local agents or correspondents in different
places to collect information. These
correspondents collect and transmit the
information to the Central Office where the
data are processed. Correspondents in
different places supply information relating to
such events as accidents, riots, strikes etc.
to the Head Office. This method is adopted by
various government apartments in such cases
where regular information is to be collected
form a wide area.
# Information from correspondents:
 Suitability: This method is generally
adopted in those cases where the
information is to be obtained at regular
intervals from a wide area.
This device has been used for the collection
of personal Preferences, social attitudes,
beliefs, opinions, behaviour patterns, group
practices and habits and such other data.
 # Mailed Questionnaire:
 Under this method, a list of questions
pertaining to the survey (known as
questionnaire) is prepared and sent to the
various informants by post. The questionnaire
contains questions and provides space for
answers. Request is made to the informants
through a covering letter to fill up the
questionnaire and send it back within a
specific time. The questionnaire studies can
be classified on the basis of:
 The degree to which a questionnaire is
formalized/structured.
 The disguise or lack of disguise of the questionnaire
and
 The communication used.
 # Mailed Questionnaire:
 Suitability: This method is
appropriate in cases where
informants are spread over a wide
area i.e. in case of extensive
surveys.
 Secondary Data:
 Secondary data are those which have been
collected by someone else and made available
to others in the form of published statistics.
The sources of secondary data, therefore, are
publication which comprises publications of
State and central Governments, local bodies,
Foreign Governments and international
organizations banking and financial
institutions, professional journal, regular and
adhoc reports and reports of commissions of
enquiry.These data are also available in a
variety of unpublished sources such as
records maintained by various Government
and private offices, studies made by research
institutions scholars, military records etc.
 PRODUCT LAUNCHING
 A NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHED TO FIGHT
THE SEVEN SIGNS OF
“SKIN AGEING”
The world’s No. 1 skin care brand OLAY
come to INDIA
 PRODUCT LAUNCHING
 Hyderabad ,August 04,2007: The world’s
No.1skin care brand OLAY come to INDIA. P
& G launches olay
total effects with VitaNiacin, the number one
anti-aging moisturizer
in the local market to fight the seven
signs of skin ageing, and help you love the skin
you are in.
 PRODUCT LAUNCHING
 Olay total effects is a break through anti-
ageing moisturizer with the patented
Vitaniacin formulation – an exclusive
moisturizing combination of “niacinamide
(Vitamin B3),Vitamin E and Pro- Vitamin
B5(Panthenol),
and sunscreen protection , making it ideal for
Indian skin.
 PRODUCT LAUNCHING
 Prior to the launch : OLAY conducted an extensive Research
with :
# Target Population : Women aged
18 – 69 years from three
continents.
# Sample size for survey : 6000
women
# Observation : Identified 7 signs of
skin ageing:
 PRODUCT LAUNCHING
Fine lines and Wrinkles
Sagging Skin
Uneven Skin Tone
Age Spots
Appearance of Pores
Dull Skin and
Dryness
 PRODUCT LAUNCHING
Interestingly ,these 7 signs of ageing
described by consumers were
consistent with the clinical signs
Of ageing identified by the International
Dermatologists Panel on ageing Skin. Research
revealed that consumers are unaware that Ageing
process starts by mid-20s and they perceive Only
fine lines and wrinkles to be signs of ageing.
 PRODUCT LAUNCHING
Regular usage of Olay Total Effects with the
breakthrough VitaNiacin complex ensure
just one product helps fight the signs of
ageing , as it :
(1) Visibly reduces lines and wrinkles
(2) Gives soft and smooth skin
(3) Visibly reduces dark spots
(4) Provides sun protection for even skin tone
(5) Gives firm looking skin
(6) Provides radiant , glowing skin
 PRODUCT LAUNCHING
OLAY Total EFFECTS is launched by former
Mis Universe and Bollywood superstar
Sushmita Sen. Commenting on the launch she
said
I believe that ‘ Looking Good IS ONE
THING , BUT FEELING GOOD IS
EVERY THING ‘.
 PRODUCT LAUNCHING
OLAY Total Effects will be available at beauty
Counters at leading malls , modern retail stores
,and selected chemists all over the state and
comes in two variants – Normal and gentle
with a light , fresh scent ,or fragrance – free. It
is priced at
Rs. 599 for a 50gm pump jar.
 PRODUCT LAUNCHING
Formerly popular as “ Oil of Olay “ , the pink
lotion ‘ synonymous with soft , glowing skin
was launched officially in 1957 in South
Africa.
Today Olay is present in over 55 countries
globally.