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K 1 - Organ of Lymphoid (Histologi)
K 1 - Organ of Lymphoid (Histologi)
K 1 - Organ of Lymphoid (Histologi)
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MONOCYTE 5 CELL
PLASMA 6
MACROPHAGE
Lymphocytes
• Classified as B, T, or natural killer (NK) cells
• Secondary/Peripheral
organs: Lymph nodes,
Spleen, Tonsils, solitary
nodules, Peyer’s Patches of
ileum, Appendix
Approximate Percentage of Lymphocytes
in Lymphoid Organs1
T lymphocytes B Lymphocytes
Lymphoid organs
% %
Thymus 100 0
Bone marrow 10 90
Spleen 45 55
Lymph nodes 60 40
Blood 70 30
Lymphoid Tissue
• A connective tissue characterized by a rich supply
of lymphocyte:
– Free within the regular conn. Tissue
– Surrounded by capsules, forming the lymphoid organs
Reactive germinal
follicle stained for CD21
to show follicular
dendritic cells
Lymphoid Organs: 1. THYMUS
THYMUS
• A bilateral organ located in
mediastinum
• Type I cells
• Type II cells
• Type III cells
• 3 types of epithelial
reticular cells in medulla:
• Type IV cells
• Type V cells
• Type VI cells Hassl’s
Body/Thymic Corpuscle
(found only in medulla,
cornified, even calcified,
unknown function)
Thymus Vascular Supply1, 3
• The Blood-Thymus Barrier in the cortex created
by:→ prevent circulating antigens entering cortex
– Arterioles & continous capillaries with thick basal
lamina
– Flattened epithelial reticular cells type I with tight
junctions that sheathed arteriole & capillaries
• No barrier in medulla
• Parenchym replaced
adipose tissue & conn.
tissue
• Decrease weights : 40 g
at puberty, 10-15 g late
in life
• After involution,
thymus still has its Elderly thymus
showing
function as a A severe atrophy
maturation place for T of parenchyma &
cells massive adipose
infiltration.
Lymphoid Organs: 2. LYMPH NODES
LYMPH NODE
• Kidney shape, encapsulated
(Conn. Tissue Trabeculae), 2–10
mm in diameter
The cortex (C), The paracortex (P), & the medulla (M). Conn. tissue of the capsule (CT)
Trabeculae (T). Lymphoid nodules (LN) normally restricted to the cortex & the medulla
characterized by sinuses (MS) & cords (MC) of lymphoid tissue. X40. H&E.
THE CORTEX
Consists of:
1. Many reticular cells,
macrophages, APCs, &
lymphocytes
2. Lymphoid nodules →
formed mainly of B
lymphocytes The capsule (C), subcapsular sinuses (S), lymphoid
nodules (N).
3. The subcapsular
sinuses → areas
beneath the capsule
4. The Cortical sinuses,
running between
lymphoid nodules, arise
from & share the
structural features of
the subcapsular sinuses
THE PARACORTEX
• No precise boundaries
• Venules in paracortex →
an important entry point
for lymphocytes moving
from blood into lymph
nodes
THE MEDULLA
Two major components:
1. Medullary cords → branched cordlike extensions of lymphoid
tissue arising from paracortex, primarily B lymphocytes, plasma
cells & macrophages
2. Medullary sinuses → dilated spaces, contain lymph, lymphocytes,
often many macrophages, & sometimes granulocytes
THE LYMPHOCYTE CIRCULATION
• Naive lymphocyte spend < ½ hour
in circulation before homing to
another lymphoid organ
SPORADIC BURKITT
LYMPHOMA:
A non-Hodgkin
Lymphoma, mainly in children &
young adult (30-50% of all
childhood lymphoma)
Lymphoid Organs: 3. SPLEEN
SPLEEN
• Largest
3
lymphoid organ in body
• Functions:
– Filtration of blood (the only
one) → defense against blood-
borne antigens
– Main site of destruction of aged
erythrocytes
– Production site of antibodies &
activated lymphocytes
blood cells
• Splenic Sinusoids
with unusual
elongated endothelial
cells (Stave Cells) →
w/ special properties
that allow selection
of healthy red blood
cells
The venous sinuses in the
red pulp (S) lined by
endothelial cells (arrows)
with large nuclei bulging
into the sinusoidal
lumens (the stave cells)
→ have special properties
that allow selection of
healthy red blood cells in
the splenic cords (C).
X100. H&E.
SPLENOMEGALY
Principal
Causes
Thalasemia: Hypochromic, microcystic
eritrocytes, poikilocytosis, target cells
Lymphoid Organs:
4. Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue:
A. Tonsils
B. Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
C. Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Collectively is one of the largest lymphoid organs,
containing up to 70% of all the body's immune cells
MALT: TONSILS
• Partially
encapsulated
lymphoid tissue1
• Based on location :
palatine,
pharyngeal, lingual
tonsils1
MALT: PALATINE TONSILS
• A pair, in posterior soft
palate1
• Consist of : 1, 2, 3
– Stratified squamous
Epithelium
– A band of lymphoid nodule
with germinal center
– Crypts :
• Invagination of epithelium
• 10-20 crypts/tonsil
• Contain food debris, dead
leucocytes, desquamated of
epithelial cells,bacteria etc
– Capsule partially at the
base
• Single in posterior MALT: PHARYNGEAL
nasopharynx1, 2
TONSILS
• Consist of :1, 2, 3
– Pseudostratified
ciliated columar
epithelium
– Lymphoid nodules
– No crypts, only
shallow
longitudinal
infolding called
pleats
– Thinner capsule
than T. Palatina
• Smaller & more
numerous than MALT: LINGUAL TONSILS
other tonsils
• At base of tongue
• Consist of :1, 2, 3
– Stratified
Squamous
Epithelium
– Lymphoid nodules
– Each lingual
tonsils has a
single crypts
MALT: GUT-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE 1, 3
• Non capsulated
lymhoid nodule
• Aggregates of
lymphoid follicles
3
1. Area pointed by arrow # 2 is...... MEDULLA
2. Arrow # 3 are..... LYMPHOID NODULE/GC
3. The Organ shown here is.......LYMPH NODE
1. The structure in the circle is.... WHITE PULP
2. The organ shown here is....... SPLEEN
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