ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC

Subject of presentation:-

SUBMITTED to:-y.doc.dr.e.mete.guneyisi

SUBMITTED BY:-Qais.M.SH.Kareem
 What is an earthquake?
It is a sudden, rapid shaking of the Earth caused by the
breaking and shifting of rock under the Earth´s surface
and it creates seismic waves.
Due to earthquake:-
• The seismic waves caused by an earthquake will make
buildings sway and vibrate in various ways depending on
the frequency and direction of ground motion, and the
height of the building.
• Seismic activity can cause excessive
vibration of the building which may
lead to structural failure.
 Structural Dampers-an overview
Dampers can be installed in the structural frame of a building
to absorb some of the energy going into the building from
the shaking ground during an earthquake. The dampers
reduce the energy available for shaking the building. This
means that the building deforms less, so the chance of
damage is reduced.

The St. Francis Shangri-La Place

The first ever building to use
the STRUCTURAL DAMPERS
 Techniques to resist Earthquake
How could engineers design buildings that survive in earthquakes?
To explain how buildings :-

• Active & Passive system

• Shear walls
• Bracing
• Dampers
• Rollers
• Isolation
• Light weight material
• Bands
• Others
 DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
DAMPERS
and its
APPLICATIONS
in the building structures
There are many types of
dampers that can be installed
in buildings. Here are some
of them:-
• Frictional Dampers .
• Metallic Dampers (yielding Damper)
• Viscoelastic Dampers.
• Tuned Dampers.
• Combination dampers.
• Magnetic induction.
FRICTIONAL
Dampers
 Pall friction dampers(PFD)

Damping using frictional dampers is considered to be the

most effective and economic solution for seismic upgrade
• Nowadays , several frictional dampers are being used. They
are available for tension cross bracing(x shape), single diagonal
bracing and for chevron bracing (v shape), .

• They consist of series of steel plates specially treated to

develop most reliable friction. The plates are clamped
together with high strength steel bolts.
• During severe seismic uproar, friction dampers slip at a
predetermined optimum load before yielding occurs in other
structural members and dissipate a major portion of the
seismic energy. This allows the building to remain elastic or
at least yielding is delayed .

• Another feature of friction damped buildings is that their

natural period varies with the amplitude of vibration. Hence
the phenomenon of resonance is avoided.
 Advantages
• Simple and foolproof in construction.
• Friction dampers possess large rectangular hysteresis loops,
so dampen quake, the energy dissipation of friction damper
is the largest compared to other damping devices.
• The maximum force in a friction damper is pre-defined and
remains the same for any future ground motion. Therefore,
the design of bracing and connections is simple and
economical. There is nothing to yield and damage, or leak.
Thus, they do not need regular inspection, repair or
replacement before and after the earthquake.
FRICTION DAMPERS
METALLIC
Dampers
• Metallic damper is a popular (and inexpensive) choice
for an energy dissipation device because of its relatively
high elastic stiffness, good ductility and its high possible for
dissipating energy.
• Single round hole metallic damper and double X shaped metallic
damper are commonly used.

SINGLE ROUND HOLE DAMPER DOUBLE X SHAPED DAMPER

BEFORE DEFORMING AFTER DEFORMING BEFORE DEFORMING AFTER DEFORMING

X-SHAPED METALLIC PLATE DAMPER:
IT is used where two braces meet. As the building vibrates,
the braces stretch and compress, pulling and pushing the
damper sideways and making it deform. They are designed
to deform so much when the building vibrates during an
earthquake that they cannot return to their original shape.
This permanent deformation is called inelastic deformation,
and it uses some of the earthquake energy which goes into
building.
 Advantages
• These are inexpensive.
• No complex technology is required to make them.
• They can easily be integrated in structures ,they show stable
behavior in earthquakes.
• No environment factors affect their performance.
• These dampers increase stiffness of structures and
increasing energy dissipation capacity in them.
• After earthquakes, these dampers can easily be replaced .
VISCOELASTIC
Dampers
*viscous fluid dampers.
*viscous solid dampers.
*viscous spring dampers.
*viscous walls dampers.
 Adding Dampers-Viscous fluid dampers
• They consist of a closed cylinder containing a viscous fluid
like oil. A piston rod is connected to a piston head with
small holes in it. The piston can move in and out of the
cylinder. As it does this, the oil is forced to flow through
holes in the piston head causing friction.
• When the damper is installed in a building, the friction
converts some of the earthquake energy going into the
moving building into heat energy.
viscous fluid
dampers.

Viscous spring dampers

viscous solid dampers.
VISCOUSE WALLS DAMPERS
The Building Research Institute in Japan tested and installed
viscous damping walls in a test structure for earthquake response
observation. Observations of the seismic response of a 4-storey
prototype building with viscous damping walls explained a
marked improvement in the response as compared to that of the
building without the walls.
 TUNED
Dampers

• Tuned Mass Dampers (T M D )

• Tuned Liquid Dampers ( T L D )
• Tuned Liquid Column Dampers ( T L C D )
MAGNETIC
INDUCTION
Dampers
• In traditional structural dampers the energy from vibration
due to dynamic loading is converted to heat energy. But in
these magnetic induction dampers the energy from dynamic
loading is dissipated through electrical energy.
• So the harvested electrical energy can be used for other
applications such as giving energy to other active damping
devices.
* The magnetic induction dampers are
composed of a permanent magnet and
a coil.
* The relative velocity between the coil
and the magnet produces a current in the
coil resulting in a force which acts as the
damping force to the oscillations due to
dynamic loading.
 Combination dampers.

• VA Hospital. Combination of metallic damper and viscous

damper across the whole building. Probably the safest
building.
Some Energy Dissipation Devices
THANK YOU