LOGARITHMIC

PROPERTIES

Hannah Maryam Mohamad Idham

Exponents
and Definition
Logarithms 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑏 ⟺ 𝑥 = log 𝑎 𝑏

Example

2𝑥 = 4 ⟺ 𝑥 = log 2 4
Product
Definition
Rule
log 𝑎 𝑚𝑛 = log 𝑎 𝑚 + log 𝑎 𝑛

Example

log 2 4𝑥 = log 2 4 + log 2 𝑥

Quotient
Rule Definition
𝑚
log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑚 − log 𝑎 𝑛
𝑛

Example
𝑥
log 3 = log 3 𝑥 − log 3 9
9
Power
Rule Definition
log 𝑎 𝑚 𝑝 = 𝑝 . log 𝑎 𝑚

Example
log 6 𝑥4 = 4 log 6 𝑥
Change of Definition
Base Rule log 𝑏 𝑚
log 𝑎 𝑚 =
log 𝑏 𝑎

Example
log 2 𝑥
log 4 𝑥 =
log 2 4
Equality
Definition
Rule
If log 𝑎 𝑚 = log 𝑎 𝑛 , then 𝑚 = 𝑛

Example
log 3 𝑥 = log 3 9
𝑥=9
Others 1. log 𝑎 𝑎 = 1

2. log 𝑎 1 = 0
log 𝑎 M
3. 𝑎 =M

1
4. log 𝑎 = − log 𝑎 (𝑁)
𝑁